VOA Special English 单词表

A.
accept - v. to agree to receive　接受
accident - n. something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event　事故
accuse - v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a statement
against someone　指责
activist - n. one who seeks change through action 激进分子
administration - n. the executive part of a government, usually headed by a
president or prime minister　政府
admit - v. to accept ("admitted to the United Nations"); to express one's guilt or
responsibility ("He admitted that what he did was wrong.")　承认
adult - n. a grown person　成人
advise - v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision　建议
affect - v. to produce an effect on; to influence ("A lack of sleep affected the singer's
performance.")　影响
agency - n. an organization that is part of a larger group ("an agency of the United
Nations")　机构
aggression - n. an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country's
borders　侵略
agriculture - n. farming　农业
air force - n. a military organization using airplanes 空军
album - n. a collection of recorded music 歌集
alcohol - n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug or in
industrial products　酒精
ally - n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose 联合体
ambassador - n. a nation's highest diplomatic representative (to another
government)　大使
amend - v. to add to or to change (a proposal or law)　修正
ammunition - n. the bullets or shells fired from guns　弹药
anarchy - n. a lack of order; lawlessness　无政府状态
ancestor - n. a family member from the past　祖先
ancient - ad. very old; long ago　远古的
anniversary - n. a yearly celebration or observance of an event that happened in the
past 周年
announce - v. to make known publicly; to declare officially　宣布
apologize - v. to express regret for a mistake or accident for which one accepts
responsibility　致歉
appeal - v. to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision; to call on
somebody for help　上诉；呼吁
appear - v. to show oneself; to come into sight; to seem　出现
appoint - v. to name; to choose ("appoint a judge")　任命
approve - v. to agree with; to agree to support　赞成
archeology - n. the scientific study of past human life and activities 考古学
argue - v. to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; to disagree　争论
arms - n. military equipment; weapons　兵器
arrest - v. to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisoner　逮捕
artillery - n. big guns　炮
assist - v. to help　帮助
astronaut - n. a person who travels in space　宇航员
astronomy - n. the scientific study of stars and the universe　天文学
asylum - n. political protection given by a government to a person from another
country　政治庇护
atmosphere - n. the gases surrounding any star or planet　大气层
attach - v. to tie together; to connect　系上；连接
attack - n. a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start a fight　袭击
attempt - v. to work toward something; to try; to make an effort　尝试
attend - v. to be present at　出席
automobile - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a car　汽车
average - n. something (a number) representing the middle; ad. common; normal　平均，平常
avoid - v. to stay away from　避免
award - n. an honor or prize for an act or service　奖励


B

balance - v. to make two sides or forces equal 平衡
balloon - n. a device of strong, light material that rises when filled with gas lighter
than air 气球
ballot - n. a piece of paper used for voting 选票
ban - v. to not permit; to stop; n. an official restriction 禁止
bar - v. to prevent or block　禁止，阻碍
barrier - n. anything that blocks or makes an action difficult 障碍
base - n. a military center 军营; v. to establish as a fact 基于 ("Her research was based on
experiments.")　
battle - n. a fight between opposing armed forces　战斗
beat - v. to hit again and again　击打
betray - v. to turn against; to be false to 背叛
bill - n. a legislative proposal　议案
biology - n. the scientific study of life or living things in all their forms　生物学
blame - v. to accuse; to hold responsible　责备
block - v. to stop something from being done; to prevent movement　堵塞，阻碍
bomb - n. a device that explodes with great force 炸弹; v. to attack or destroy with
bombs 炸弹袭击
border - n. a dividing line between nations 边界
boycott - v. to refuse to take part in or deal with　联合抵制
brief - ad. short; not long　简短的
broadcast - v. to send information, stories or music by radio or television; n. a radio
or television program　
brown - ad. having the color like that of coffee 褐色的
budget - n. a spending plan　预算
bullet - n. a small piece of metal shot from a gun 子弹
burst - v. to break open suddenly　爆裂
business - n. one's work; buying and selling to earn money; trade　工作，商业

C
cabinet - n. a group of ministers that helps lead a government 内阁
camp - n. a place with temporary housing　露营
campaign - n. a competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from
voters; a connected series of military actions during a war　活动
cancel - v. to end; to stop　取消
cancer - n. a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts of the
body　癌症
candidate - n. a person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor 候选人
capitalism - n. an economic system in which the production of most goods and
services is owned and operated for profit by private citizens or companies 资本主义
capture - v. to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or take by force; to get
control of 捕获
case (court) - n. a legal action　案例
case (medical) - n. an incident of disease ("There was only one case of chicken pox
at the school.")　病例
cause - v. to make happen; n. the thing or person that produces a result　导致
ceasefire - n. a halt in fighting, usually by agreement　停火协议
celebrate - v. to honor a person or event with special activities　庆祝
ceremony - n. an act or series of acts done in a special way established by tradition　仪式
chairman - n. a person leading a meeting or an organized group　主席
champion - n. the best; the winner　冠军
charge - v. to accuse someone of something, usually a crime 控诉; n. a statement in
which someone is accused of something 指控
chase - v. to run or go after someone or something　追逐
cheer - v. to shout approval or praise　欢呼
chemicals - n. elements found in nature or made by people; substances used in the
science of chemistry　化学物质
chemistry - n. the scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they
act under different conditions, and how they form other substances　化学
chief - n. the head or leader of a group 首领; ad. leading; most important 主要的
civilian - ad. not military 平民
civil rights - n. the political, economic and social rights given equally to all people of
a nation 公民权力
claim - v. to say something as a fact 声明
clash - n. a battle 冲突; v. to fight or oppose 发生冲突
clergy - n. a body of officials within a religious organization　神职人员
climate - n. the normal weather conditions of a place　气候
coal - n. a solid black substance used as fuel　煤
coalition - n. forces, groups or nations joined together　联盟
coast - n. land on the edge of the ocean　海岸
colony - n. land controlled by another country or government　殖民地
combine - v. to mix or bring together　联合，结合
command - v. to order; to have power over something　命令
comment - v. to say something about; to express an opinion about something　评论
committee - n. a group of people given special work　委员会
communicate - v. to tell; to give or exchange information　交流，通信
community - n. a group of people living together in one place or area　社区
compare - v. to examine what is different or similar　对比
compete - v. to try to do as well as, or better than, another or others　竞争
complex - ad. of or having many parts that are difficult to understand; not simple 复杂的
compromise - n. the settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept
less than first demanded　折衷
concern - n. interest, worry ("express concern about") ; v. to fear ("to be
concerned") 关注，关心
condemn - v. to say a person or action is wrong or bad 遣责
condition - n. something declared necessary to complete an agreement 条件; a person's
health 身体状况
conference - n. a meeting 会议
confirm - v. to approve; to say that something is true 确定
conflict - n. a fight; a battle, especially a long one　冲突
congratulate - v. to praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck 祝贺
Congress - n. the organization of people elected to make the laws of the United
States (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similar organization in
other countries　议会
conservative - n. one who usually supports tradition and opposes great change　保守派
constitution - n. the written general laws and ideas that form a nation's system of
government 宪法
contain - v. to hold; to include　包容
container - n. a box, bottle or can used to hold something 容器
continent - n. any of the seven great land areas of the world　大陆
control - v. to direct; to have power over　控制
convention - n. a large meeting for a special purpose　大会
cooperate - v. to act or work together　合作
court - n. where trials take place; where judges make decisions about law　法院
crash - v. to fall violently; to hit with great force　碰撞，坠毁
create - v. to make; to give life or form to　创造
creature - n. any living being; any animal or human　生物
credit - n. an agreement that payments will be made at a later time　信用
crew - n. a group of people working together　全体人员
crime - n. an act that violates a law　罪行
criminal - n. a person who is responsible for a crime　罪犯
crisis - n. an extremely important time when something may become much better or
worse; a dangerous situation　危机
criticize - v. to say what is wrong with something or someone; to condemn; to
judge　批评
crowd - n. a large number of people gathered in one place　人群
crush - v. to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeat completely　压碎
curfew - n. an order to people to stay off the streets or to close their businesses　戒严
current - n. movement of air, water or electricity 水流，电流; ad. belonging to the present time 目前的 ("She found the report in a current publication.")　
custom - n. a long-established belief or activity of a people　习惯，风俗
customs - n. taxes on imports　入关税

D
dam - n. a wall built across a river to hold back flowing water 大坝
damage - v. to cause injury or destruction 摧毁; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to things 毁坏
deaf - ad. not able to hear　聋的
debate - v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or argument　争论
debt - n. something that is owed; the condition of owing　债务
declare - v. to say; to make a statement　声明
decrease - v. to make less in size or amount　降低
defeat - v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition of having
lost　打败
defend - v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect 防卫
deficit - n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or
imports are greater than exports　赤字
define - v. to give the meaning of; to explain　定义
delay - v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to be late　延迟
delegate - n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another　代表
demand - v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force　要求
democracy - n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or
to make other important decisions　民主
demonstrate - v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd
demonstrated in support of human rights.") 示威; to explain by using examples ("The
teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.") 示范
denounce - v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely　谴责
deny - v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request　否认
depend - v. to need help and support　依靠
deplore - v. to regret strongly; to express sadness　表示悲痛
deploy - v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action　部署（军队）
depression - n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic
activity during which many people lose their jobs　衰退
describe - v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something　描述
design - v. to plan or create plans for　设计
desire - v. to want very much; to wish for　愿望
destroy - v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of　摧毁
develop - v. to grow; to create; to experience progress　发展
device - n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose 设备
dictator - n. a ruler with complete power　独裁者
diet - n. usual daily food and drink　日常饮食
diplomat - n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with another
government　外交官
direct - v. to lead; to aim or show the way 指引 ("He directed me to the theater."); ad.
straight to something; not through some other person or thing 直接的 ("The path is
direct.")　
direction - n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came
from or went to　方向
dirt - n. earth or soil　泥土
disappear - v. to become unseen; to no longer exist　消失
disarm - v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb
harmless by removing its exploding device　解除武装
discuss - v. to talk about; to exchange ideas　讨论
disease - n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or bacteria　疾病
dismiss - v. to send away; to refuse to consider　解散
dispute - v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate　争论
dissident - n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government　不同政见者
document - n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof or
support of something　文件
drown - v. to die under water　溺水
drug - n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical substance
used to ease pain or to affect the mind　药品
dust - n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air 灰尘
　
　
E
earn - v. to be paid in return for work done　获得
earthquake - n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface　地震
ease - v. to reduce; to make less difficult 减轻
ecology - n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and
material things　环境
economy - n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized 经济
edge - n. the line where something ends or begins 边缘
effect - n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious
effect on the economy.") 效果
effort - n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something 努力
elect - v. to choose by voting　选举
electricity - n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and light,
and power to machines 电力
embassy - n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants 大使馆
emergency - n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action 紧急情况
emotion - n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness 感情
employ - v. to give work in return for wages　雇佣
energy - n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and
willingness to be active　能量
enforce - v. to make something be done　强制执行
engine - n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work 引擎
engineer - n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads　　 工程师
environment - n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life;
the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals　环境
equal - ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights　对等的
equipment - n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity　设备
escape - v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of　逃离
especially - ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.")　特别是
establish - v. to bring into existence; to create 建立
estimate - v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than
complete information　估计
ethnic - ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of their race,
religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived 种族的
evaporate - v. to change from a liquid into a gas　蒸发
evidence - n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing　证据
evil - ad. not good; extremely bad　邪恶的
examine - v. to study closely　审视，察看
exchange - v. to trade 交易; to give or receive one thing for another　交换
execute - v. to kill　处死
exile - v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel 驱逐; n. a person who is
forced to leave his or her country 被驱逐者
exist - v. to be; to live　存在
expand - v. to make larger; to grow larger 扩张
expect - v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an event 期望
expel - v. to force out; to remove from; to send away　驱逐，开除
experience - v. to live through an event, situation or condition 经历("She experienced
great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through 经历("The experience
caused her great pain.")　
experiment - v. to test 做实验; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true or
false, or to discover something　实验
expert - n. a person with special knowledge or training　专家
explode - v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb 爆炸
explore - v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it; to
make a careful search; to examine closely 探索
export - v. to send to another country 出口; n. something sent to another country, usually
for sale 出口商品
express - v. to say clearly 表达
extend - v. to stretch out in area or length 扩展 ; to continue for a longer time 延长
extreme - ad. more than the usual or accepted　极端的
extremist - n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an
extreme or violent way 极端主义者

F
fail - v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal　失败
fair - ad. just; honest; what is right　公正
federal - ad. of or having to do with a national or central government 联邦的
fertile - ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much 肥沃的，多产的
fierce - ad. extremely strong; violent; angry　猛烈的
financial - ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit,
investments and banks　财政的
fine - n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime 罚款; ad. very good 好的; very small or thin　细小的
fireworks - n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday celebrations　鞭炮
firm - ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.")　坚定的
fit - v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.")　适合
fix - v. to make good or right again　修理
flee - v. to run away from　逃跑
float - v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water or
through air　飘浮
flood - v. to cover with water 淹没; n. the movement of water out of a river, lake or ocean
onto land　水灾
flow - v. to move like a liquid　流动
fluid - n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid 液体
forgive - v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt　原谅
former - ad. earlier in time; not now　前任的
forward - ad. the direction in front of; toward the front 向前的
freedom - n. the condition of being free　自由
freeze - v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold　冰冻
fresh - ad. newly made or gathered; recent　清新的
frighten - v. to cause great fear　使惊吓
fuel - n. any substance burned to create heat or power 燃料
funeral - n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the dead　葬礼

G
gain - v. to get possession of; to get more; to increase 获得
gas - n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns to provide
heat, light or power　气体
gather - v. to bring or come together into a group or place 集合; to collect 收集
govern - v. to control; to rule by military or political power　统治
government - n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a
country, city or area　政府
grain - n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and corn; those
plants that produce the seeds　谷类
gray - ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white　灰色的
grind - v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing　磨碎
guarantee - v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen 保证
guerrilla - n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against an
official army or police　游击队
guilty - ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible for a
bad action　有罪的

H
halt - v. to come or cause to come to a stop; to stop　停止
headquarters - n. the center from which orders are given; the main offices of a
business or organization　司令部
health - n. the general condition of the body and mind; the condition of being free
from sickness or disease　健康
helicopter - n. a machine without wings that can fly up or down or remain in one
place above the ground　直升机
hijack - v. to seize or take control of a vehicle by force 绑架
holy - ad. greatly honored in religion　神圣的
honor - v. to obey; to show strong, good feelings for 尊敬 ("to honor one's parents"); n.
an award; an act of giving special recognition 尊敬("He received many honors for his
efforts to help others.")　
horrible - ad. causing great fear; terrible 可怕的
hostage - n. a person captured and held as a guarantee that a demand or promise
will be honored　人质
hostile - ad. ready to fight; ready for war 敌对的　

I

identify - v. to recognize someone or something and to say who or what they are　识别
illegal - ad. not legal; in violation of a law　非法的
imagine - v. to make a picture in the mind; to form an idea　想象
import - v. to bring from another country 进口; n. something brought from another
country, usually for sale　进口商品
improve - v. to make better; to become better　提高
incident - n. an event or something that happens　事故
incite - v. to urge or cause an action or emotion, usually something bad or violent　煽动
increase - v. to make more in size or amount　增加
independent - ad. not influenced by or controlled by another or others; free;
separate　独立的
individual - n. one person　个人
industry - n. any business that produces goods or provides services; the work and
related activity in factories and offices; all organizations involved in manufacturing　　　 工业，产业，行业
infect - v. to make sick with something that causes disease　传染
inflation - n. a continuing rise in prices while the value of money goes down　通货膨胀
influence - v. to have an effect on someone or something; to cause change　影响
inform - v. to tell; to give knowledge to　告知
inject - v. to force a fluid into, such as putting medicine or drugs into the body
through the skin　注射
injure - v. to cause harm or damage to a person or animal　伤害
innocent - ad. not guilty of a crime; not responsible for a bad action　无辜的
insane - ad. mentally sick　患精神病的
inspect - v. to look at something carefully; to examine, especially by an expert　视察
instrument - n. a tool or device designed to do something or to make something　器械
insult - v. to say something or to do something that makes another person angry or
dishonored　侮辱
intelligence - n. the ability to think or learn; information gathered by spying　智慧
intelligent - ad. quick to understand or learn　有才智的
intense - ad. very strong; extremely serious　剧烈的
interest - n. what is important to someone 利益 ("He acted to protect his interests." "She
had a great interest in painting."); a share in owning a business; money paid for the
use of money borrowed　利息
interfere - v. to get in the way of; to work against; to take part in the activities of
others, especially when not asked to do so　干涉
intervene - v. to come between; to come between in order to settle or solve　干预，介入
invade - v. to enter an area or country by force with an army　侵略
invest - v. to give money to a business or organization with the hope of making
more money　投资
investigate - v. to study or examine all information about an event, situation or
charge; to search for the truth　调查，研究
involve - v. to take part in; to become a part of; to include　包括
issue - n. an important problem or subject that people are discussing or arguing
about　事件

J
jail - n. a prison for those waiting to be tried for a crime or for those serving sentences　
for crimes that are not serious 监狱
joint - ad. shared by two or more　共同的
jury - n. a group of people chosen to decide what is true in a trial　陪审团
just - ad. only ("Help me for just a minute."); very shortly before or after the
present ("He just left.") 刚才; at the same time 同时 ("He left just as I came in."); what is
right or fair 公正的 ("The law is just, in my opinion.")

K
kidnap - v. to seize and take away by force　绑架
knowledge - n. that which is known; learning or understanding 知识

L
labor - n. work; workers as a group 劳动力
laboratory - n. a room or place where experiments in science are done 实验室
lack - v. to be without; n. the condition of needing, wanting or not having　缺乏
launch - v. to put into operation; to begin开办; to send into the air or space 发射
leak - v. to come out of or to escape through a small opening or hole (usually a gas
or liquid)　漏
legal - ad. of or in agreement with the law　合法的
legislature - n. a government lawmaking group　立法机构
liberal - ad. one who usually supports social progress or change　自由主义的
lightning - n. light produced by electricity in the air, usually during a storm　闪电
link - v. to connect; to unite one thing or event with another; n. a relation between
two or more things, situations or events　联系
literature - n. all the poems, stories and writings of a period of time or of a country　文学
load - v. to put objects on or into a vehicle or container 装载. that which is carried 负荷
loan - n. money borrowed that usually must be returned with interest payments; 借款
local - ad. about or having to do with one place 本地的
loyal - ad. showing strong friendship and support for someone or something　忠诚的

M
majority - n. the greater number; more than half　多数
manufacture - v. to make goods in large amounts　制造
march - v. to walk in a group like soldiers; to walk together in a large group to
protest about something　游行
market - n. a place or area where goods are sold, bought or traded; an economic
system in which the prices of things are decided by how many there are and how
much money people are willing to pay for them　市场
mass - n. an amount of matter having no special form and usually of a large size 大量事物
mate - v. to bring together a male and a female to create another creature　使配对
mathematics - n. the science dealing with amounts, sizes and shapes, as explained
by numbers and signs　数学
mayor - n. the chief official of a city or town government　市长
measure - v. to learn the amount, size or distance of something 测量. an action taken 措施　a legislative proposal 议案
media - n. all public information organizations, including newspapers, television and
radio　媒体
melt - v. to make a solid into a liquid by heating it　融化
member - n. one of a group　成员
memorial - n. something done or made to honor the memory of a person or event　纪念的
mental - ad. about or having to do with the mind　精神的
mercy - n. kindness toward those who should be punished; the power to be kind or
to pardon　仁慈
message - n. written or spoken news or information; a note from one person to
another person or group　消息
metal - n. a hard substance such as iron, steel or gold 金属
method - n. the way something is done　方法
microscope - n. a device used to make very small things look larger so they can be
studied　显微镜
militant - n. someone active in trying to cause political change, often by the use of
force or violence　斗士
military - n. the armed forces of a nation or group; ad. of or about the armed forces　军方
mineral - n. a substance found in nature that is not an animal or a plant, such as coal
or salt　矿物
minister - n. a member of a cabinet; a high government official ("prime minister,"
"foreign minister")　部长
minor - ad. small in size; of little importance　少数的
minority - n. the smaller number; opposite majority　少数
missile - n. any weapon that can be thrown or fired through the air and explodes
when it reaches its target　导弹
missing - ad. lost; not found　遗失的
mob - n. a large group of wild or angry people　暴徒
moderate - ad. not extreme　温和的
moral - ad. concerning what is right or wrong in someone's actions　道德的
motion - n. a movement; a continuing change of position or place　运动，动作
mourn - v. to express or feel sadness　哀悼
mystery - n. something that is not or cannot be explained or understood; a secret　　　 神秘事物
　
N
natural - ad. of or about nature; normal; common to its kind　自然的
navy - n. the part of a country's military force trained to fight at sea　海军
negotiate - v. to talk about a problem or situation to find a common solution　商议
neutral - ad. not supporting one side or the other in a dispute　 中立的
nominate - v. to name someone as a candidate for an election; to propose a person
for an office or position　 提名
nowhere - ad. not in, to or at any place 到处都没有
nuclear - ad. of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms or bringing them
together; of or about weapons that explode by using energy from atoms 核的

O
obey - v. to act as one is ordered to act 遵从
object - v. to show that one does not like or approve; to protest 反对; n. something not
alive that can be seen or touched　物体
observe - v. to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something ("They
will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.")　观察
occupy - v. to take and hold or to control by force　占领
offensive - n. a military campaign of attack 攻击; ad. having to do with attacking 攻击性的
offer - v. to present or propose 提供; n. the act of presenting or proposing 提议; that which is presented or proposed　提供物
officer - n. a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a
member of a police force　武官
official - n. a person with power in an orgaization; a representative of an
organization or government; ad. of or about an office; approved by the government
or someone in power　文官
operate - v. to do work or a job 执行; to cut into the body for medical reasons 手术
opinion - n. a belief based on one's own ideas and thinking　意见
oppose - v. to be against; to fight against　反对
opposite - ad. different as possible; completely different from ; exactly the other way
("North is the opposite direction from south.")　相反的
oppress - v. to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel force or
power 压迫
orbit - v. to travel in space around a planet or other object 绕轨道而行; n. the path or way an object travels in space around another object or planet　轨道
oust - v. to force to leave; to remove by force　剥夺
overthrow - v. to remove from power; to defeat or end by force　推翻
owe - v. to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something received　欠

P
parachute - n. a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an airplane
or helicopter to the ground　降落伞
parade - n. a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a special
event or anniversary　游行
parliament - n. a government lawmaking group 议会
passport - n. a document permitting a person to travel to another country　护照
patient - n. a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem　病人
peace - n. the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet 和平　
perform - v. to speak, dance or sing in front of others　表演
permanent - ad. never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time 永久的
permit - v. to let; to make possible　允许
physical - ad. of the body　身体的
physics - n. the study of motion, matter and energy 物理
pilot - n. one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter　飞行员
planet - n. a large object in space that orbits the sun ("Earth is a planet.")　行星
plot - v. to make secret plans密谋; n. a secret plan to do something wrong or illegal 阴谋
poem - n. words and their sounds organized in a special way to express emotions 诗
point - v. to aim one's finger toward; to aim 指向; n. the sharp end of something 尖端　
policy - n. an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make decisions
in politics, economics or business　制度
politics - n. the activities of government and of those who are in public office　政治
pollute - v. to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or water 污染
popular - ad. liked by many people; generally approved by the public　流行的，受欢迎的
port - n. a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where ships can
be safe from a storm　港口
position - n. a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or placed; a
job (or level of a job) in an organization　位置
possess - v. to have; to own; to control or be controlled by　拥有
postpone - v. to delay action until a later time　拖延
pour - v. to flow; to cause to flow　倾泻
praise - v. to say good things about; to approve　赞扬
pray - v. to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit 祈祷
pregnant - ad. carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to give
birth to a baby　怀孕的
present - v. to offer for consideration 表明 ("We will present our idea to the
committee."); n. a gift 礼物("I gave them a present for their anniversary."); now ("The
present time is a good time."); ad. to be at a place 出席的 ("I was present at school
yesterday.")　
press - v. to urge strongly 逼迫 ; n. newspapers, magazines and other publications 出版
pressure - n. the force produced when something is pushed down or against
something else　压力
prevent - v. to keep or stop from going or happening　阻止
private - ad. of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public 私人的
prize - n. something offered or won in a competition; something of value that one
must work hard for to get　奖项
process - n. an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result　过程
produce - v. to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture　生产
profession - n. a job that requires special training　职业
profit - n. money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of that
activity　利润
progress - n. movement forward or toward improvement or a goal 发展
project - n. a planned effort to do something　项目
propaganda - n. ideas or information used to influence opinions　
property - n. anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods 财产
propose - v. to present or offer for consideration 建议
protest - v. to speak against; to object 抗议
prove - v. to show to be true　正式
publication - n. something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine　　　出版物
publish - v. to make public something that is written; to include something in a
book, newspaper or magazine　出版
pull - v. to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the force;
opposite push　拉
pump - v. to force a gas or liquid up, into or through　抽吸
punish - v. to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal　惩罚
purchase - v. to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which is
bought　购买
pure - ad. free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean　纯的
purpose - n. the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal 目标
push - v. to use force to move something away from the person or thing using the
force; opposite pull　推

Q
quality - n. that which something is known to have or be ("An important quality of steel　
is its strength."); amount of value or excellence ("Their goods are of the highest quality.") 质量

R
race - v. to run; to take part in a competition to decide who or what can move fastest 竞赛; n. one of the major groups that humans can be divided into because of a common physical similarity, such as skin color 种族
radar - n. a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of objects
that may be too far away to be seen　雷达
radiation - n. waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy
from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous　辐射
raid - v. to make a sudden attack 袭击; n. a sudden attack carried out as an act of war, or
for the purpose of seizing or stealing something 突袭
realistic - ad. in agreement with the way things are　现实的
reasonable - ad. ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing to
compromise　合理的
rebel - v. to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse to obey 反抗;
n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or her country 造反者
recession - n. a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce
less and many workers lose their jobs 衰退
recognize - v. to know or remember something or someone that was known, known
about or seen before 识别; to accept another nation as independent and establish
diplomatic ties with its government 承认
reform - v. to make better by changing; to improve; n. a change to a better
condition　改革
refugee - n. a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment,
danger or war　难民
reject - v. to refuse to accept, use or believe　反对
relations - n. understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family;
people connected by marriage or family ties　关系
release - v. to free; to permit to go 释放; to permit to be known or made public 发布
religion - n. a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods　宗教
remain - v. to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same 保留
remains - n. a dead body　遗体
report - v. to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation 报道; n. the story
about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a statement in which the
facts may not be confirmed　报道
represent - v. to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as an
example　代表
repress - v. to control or to restrict freedoms by force　压制
request - v. to ask for; n. the act of asking for　要求
require - v. to need or demand as necessary　需要
rescue - v. to free from danger or evil　拯救
research - n. a careful study to discover correct information　研究
resign - v. to leave a position, job or office　辞职
resist - v. to oppose 反对; to fight to prevent 反抗
resolution - n. an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually
reached by voting　决议
resource - n. anything of value that can be used or sold　资源
responsible - ad. having a duty or job to do ("He is responsible for preparing the
report."); being the cause of ("They were responsible for the accident.")　有责任的
restrain - v. to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group　抑制
restrict - v. to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger　限制
revolt - v. to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of government　反抗
riot - v. to act with many others in a violent way in a public place 骚乱; n. a violent action
by a large group of people　暴乱　
risk - n. the chance of loss, damage or injury　风险
rob - v. to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal　抢夺
rocket - n. a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by burning
gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom, sometimes used as a
weapon　火箭，导弹
rub - v. to move something over the surface of another thing　摩擦
ruin - v. to damage severely; to destroy　毁坏
rule - v. to govern or control; to decide 统治; n. a statement or an order that says how
something must be done　规则

S
sabotage - v. to damage or destroy as an act against an organization or nation　
("The rebels sabotaged the railroad.")
sacrifice - v. to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea, goal or
another person　牺牲
satellite - n. a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an object
placed in orbit around the earth　卫星
satisfy - v. to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded 使满意
security - n. freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to
protect a person or place ("Security was increased in the city.")　安全
Senate - n. the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries,
such as in the United States Congress　参议院　
severe - ad. not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage　 严重的
shell - v. to fire artillery 炮轰; n. a metal container that is fired from a large gun and
explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover　炮弹
shelter - v. to protect or give protection to 庇护; n. something that gives protection; a
place of safety　庇护所
shrink - v. to make or become less in size, weight or value　缩减
skeleton - n. all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal
positions　骷髅
slide - v. to move smoothly over a surface　滑行
smash - v. to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move with
force　　打碎
spill - v. to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident　溢出
spirit - n. the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to thoughts and
emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain alive after death　精神
split - v. to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts　分裂
spy - v. to steal or get information secretly 侦察; n. one who watches others secretly; a
person employed by a government to get secret information about another country 间谍
square - n. a flat shape having four equal sides　四方型
stab - v. to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon 刺伤
starve - v. to suffer or die from a lack of food 挨饿
statue - n. a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone, wood
or metal　塑像
storm - n. violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow　风暴
straight - ad. continuing in one direction without turns　直接的
stretch - v. to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider 伸展
strike - v. to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions, more
pay or to make other demands　罢工
structure - n. the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is
formed or organized in a special way; a building　结构
struggle - v. to try with much effort; to fight with 挣扎; n. a great effort; a fight 奋斗
submarine - n. an underwater ship　潜艇
substance - n. the material of which something is made (a solid, liquid or gas)　物质
substitute - v. to put or use in place of another替换; n. a person or thing put or used in
place of another　替换者（品）
subversion - n. an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government,
usually secretly　颠覆
succeed - v. to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result 成功
suffer - v. to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or sadness 受苦
suggest - v. to offer or propose something to think about or consider　建议
supervise - v. to direct and observe the work of others　监督
supply - v. to give; to provide 供给; n. the amount of something that can be given or sold
to others　供给品
support - v. to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with others
and help them reach a goal; to approve 支持
suppose - v. to believe, think or imagine 假设 ("I suppose you are right."); to expect ("It
is supposed to rain tonight.")　
suppress - v. to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from
being known publicly　压制
surplus - n. an amount that is more than is needed; extra; ("That country has a trade
surplus. It exports more than it imports.")　过剩
surrender - v. to give control of oneself or one's property to another or others; to
stop fighting and admit defeat　投降
survive - v. to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation　幸存
suspect - v. to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or illegal 怀疑;
n. a person believed to be guilty　嫌疑犯
suspend - v. to cause to stop for a period of time　延缓
swallow - v. to take into the stomach through the mouth 吞咽
swear in - v. to put an official into office by having him or her promise to carry out
the duties of that office 宣誓就职 ("The chief justice will swear in the president.")　
sympathy - n. a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually feelings
of sadness　同情
　
T
tax - n. the money a person or business must pay to the government so the
government can provide services　税
technical - ad. involving machines, processes and materials in industry,
transportation and communications; of or about a very special kind of subject or
thing 技术的("You need technical knowledge to understand how this system works.")　
technology - n. the use of scientific knowledge and methods to produce goods and
services　技术
telescope - n. a device for making objects that are far away appear closer and larger　　望远镜
temporary - ad. lasting only a short time　暂时的
tense - ad. having fear or concern; dangerous; opposite calm　紧张的
territory - n. a large area of land　领地
terror - n. extreme fear; that which causes great fear 恐怖行动
terrorist - n. a person who carries out acts of extreme violence as a protest or a way
to influence a government　 恐怖主义者
theory - n. a possible explanation of why something exists or how something
happens using experiments or ideas, but which is not yet proven 理论 ("Other scientists
are debating his theory about the disappearance of dinosaurs.")
threaten - v. to warn that one will do harm or cause damage　威胁
torture - v. to cause severe pain 折磨; n. the act of causing severe pain in order to harm, to punish or to get information from　折磨，拷打
trade - v. to buy and sell or exchange products or services 交易; n. the activity of buying,
selling or exchanging products or services　贸易
tradition - n. a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for a long time　传统
traffic - n. the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street, road or
waterway　交通
tragic - ad. extremely sad; terrible　悲剧的
transport - v. to move goods or people from one place to another　运输
transportation - n. the act or business of moving goods or people　交通
treason - n. the act of fighting against one's own country or of helping its enemies　叛国罪
treasure - n. a large collection of money, jewels or other things of great value 财宝
treaty - n. a written agreement between two or more nations　协定
trial - n. an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decide if a charge is
true　审判
tribe - n. a group of families ruled by a common chief or leader　部族
trick - v. to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or make him or her do
something　诡计
troops - n. a number of soldiers in a large controlled group 军队
truce - n. a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involved 休战　
tube - n. a long, round structure through which liquids or gases can flow; a long,
thin container in which they can be kept　管道

U
unite - v. to join together　联合
universe - n. all of space, including planets and stars 宇宙
unless - conj. except if it happens; on condition that ("I will not go, unless the rain
stops.") 除非
urge - v. to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someone to do something 敦促
urgent - ad. needing an immediate decision or action　紧急的

V
valley - n. a long area of land between higher areas of land 山谷
value - n. the quality of being useful, important or desired; the amount of money
that could be received if something is sold　价值
vehicle - n. anything on or in which a person or thing can travel or be transported,
especially anything on wheels; a car or truck　交通工具
version - n. the form of something with different details than earlier or later forms 版本
veto - v. to reject or refuse to approve　否决
vicious - ad. bad; dangerous; showing harm or hate　恶意的
victim - n. someone or something that is injured, killed or made to suffer; someone
who is tricked　牺牲品
violate - v. to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement)　违反
violence - n. the use of force to cause injury, death or damage　暴力
volcano - n. a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth's surface that can explode,
sending hot, melted rock and ash into the air　火山
vote - v. to choose a candidate in an election 选举; n. a choice or decision expressed by
the voice, by hand or by writing 选举
　
W
wages - n. money received for work done 工资
warn - v. to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform about something bad that
may happen　警告
wealth - n. a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value 财富
wheat - n. a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces the grain　小麦
willing - ad. being ready or having a desire to ("They are willing to talk about the
problem.")　心甘情愿的
withdraw - v. to take or move out, away or back; to remove 撤退
wonder - v. to ask oneself; to question 想知道("She wonders if it is true."); n. a feeling of
surprise　惊奇
wreck - v. to damage greatly; to destroy 毁坏 ; n. anything that has been badly damaged
or broken 毁灭
wreckage - n. what remains of someth, ing severely damaged or destroyed 残骸