2002年职称英语考试理工类(A级)试题及答案

　　29 X-rays and gamma rays can be used to detect and

　　treat cancer           .

　　30 Chemical energy is generated              .

　　A when it is absorbed by matter

　　B when it is cloudy

　　C because they can pass through solid objects

　　D when the sunrays are fierce

　　E when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place

　　F when electron rearrangement takes place

　　第4部分：阅读理解(第3~45题，每题3分，共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　第一篇     Valuing Childhood

　　The value of childhood is easily blurred(变得模糊不清)in today's world．Consider some recent developments：The child．murderers in the Jonesboro,Ark．schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced．Two boys，7 and 8,were charged in the murder of an 11-year-old girl in Chicago．

　　Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will．Yet，as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed，the one boy who was able to address the court couldn't begin to explain his acts．though he tried to apologize．There may have been a motive-youthful jealousy(妒忌)and resentment．But a deeper question remains：Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner,moral restraint?

　　That question echoes for the accused in Chicago．young as they are．They wanted the girl's bicycle,a selfish impulse common enough among kids．

　　Redemption(拯救)is a practical necessity．How can value be restored to young lives distorted by acts of violence?The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time．Despite horror at what was done，children are not-cannot be-dealt with as adults．not if a people wants to consider jtself civilized．That's why politicians'cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point．

　　But the moral void(真空)that invites violence has many sources．Family instability contributes：So does economic stress．That void．however,can be filled．The work starts wifh

　　parents，who have to ask themselves whether they're doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong．Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought?

　　Schools．too,have a role in building character．So do youth organizations．So do law enfomement agencies，which can do more to inform the young about laws，their meaning，and

　　their observance(遵守)．

　　The goal．ultimately,is to allow all children a normal passage from childhood to adulthood (成年)，so that tragic gaps in moral judgement are less likely to occur. The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who don't go that far,but who 1ack the moral foundations childhood should provide-and which progressive human society relies on．

　　3l The two boys in Chicago were

　　A  shot．

　　B  murdered．

　　C  accused．

　　D  sentenced．

　　32 The boys in Jonesboro and Chicago apparently lacked a sense of

　　A  right and wrong．

　　B discipline．

　　C  shame．

　　D  safety．

　　33 According to politicians，when children commit crimes，they should be treated in the same way as

　　A  murderers.

　　B  criminals．

　　C  victims．

　　D  adults．

　　34 Which of the following does the writer cite as a source of moral void?

　　A  Official corruption．

　　B  Social injustice．

　　C  Family instability．

　　D  Racial discrimination．

　　35 Which of the statements is NOT true according to this passage?

　　A  Parents should strengthen moral instruction．

　　B  Schools should help create a moral sense in children．

　　C Law enforcement agencies should do more to help children understand laws?

　　D  Youth organizations play no role in building character．

　　第二篇        Hacking

　　People tend to think of computers as isolated machines，working away all by themselves.Some do-personal computer without an outside link，like Someone's hideaway(隐蔽的)cabin in the woods．But just as most homes are tied to a community by streets，bus routes and electric lines．computers that exchange intelligence are part of a community-local，national and even global network joined by telephone connections．

　　The computer network is a creation of the electric age，but it is based on old-fashioned trust. It cannot work without trust．A rogue loose(为所欲为的无赖)in a computer system called hacker (黑客) is worse than a thief entering your house．He could go through anyone's electronic mail or add to，change，distort or delete anything in the information stored in the computer's memory．He could even take control of the entire system by placing his own instructions in the software that runs it．He could shut the computer down whenever he wished，and no one could stop him．Then he could program the computer to erase any sign of his ever having been there.

　　Hacking，our electronic-age term for computer break-in，is more and more in the news-brainy kids vandalizing university records，even pranking(胡闹)about in supposedlyline14

　　safeguarded systems．To those who understand how computer networks are increasingly regulating life in the late 20th century,these are not laughing matters．A potential for disaster is

　　building：A dissatisfied former insurance-company employee wipes out information trom payroll (工资表) files．A student sends out a"virus"，a secret and destructive command，over a national network．The virus copies itself at lightning speed，jamming the entire network-thousands of academic，commercial and govemment computer systems．Such disastrous cases have already occurred．Now exists the possibility of terrorism by computer．Spoiling a system responsible for air．traffic control at a busy airport，or knocking out the telephones of a major city,is a relatively easy way to spread panic．Yet neither business nor government has done enough to toughen its defenses against attack．For one thing，such defenses are expensive；for another,they may interrupt communication -the main reason for using computers in the first place.

　　36 The writer mentions''a thief'in the second paragraph

　　A to show that a hacker is more dangerous than a thief.

　　B to tell people that thieves like to steal computers nowadays．

　　C to demand that a protective computer system should be set up against thieves．

　　D to demonstrate that hackers and thieves are the same people．

　　37 The word"vandalizing"in Line 14 means

　　A  "stealing"．

　　B  "creating"．

　　C  "destroying"．

　　D  "updating"．

　　38 According to the passage．which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A  Hacking is also known as computer break-in．

　　B  Experts on computer networks consider hacking nothing serious．

　　C Hacking is a widespread concern．

　　D Hacking is potentially disastrous．

　　39 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an instance of attack by a hacker?

　　A  Deleting information in the computer's memory．

　　B  Shutting down the computer whenever he wishes．

　　C  Entering your house to steal．

　　D  Spoiling a system for air traffic．

　　40 One of the reasons why business or government has not taken tough measures to stop hacking is that

　　A  it will cause fear among tile public．

　　B  hacking has not caused much damage．

　　C  tough measures are illegal．

　　D  communication may be interrupted．

　　第三篇    Space-Age Archeology

　　It's a strange partnership，but a very effective one：Satellites and space-shuttle-carried radar are helping archeologists .How?By "seeing"through sand or through treetops to locate important archeological sites．

　　The traditional tools of archeologists are shovels and picks．But high technology is making the archeologist's work and time far more productive．

　　Take，for example，the second 1981 flight of the Space Shuttle Challenger．During that mission，a powerful，experimental radar was pointed at a lifeless stretch of desert in Egypt called the Selima Sand Sheet(pan of the Sahara Desert)．To everyone's surprise，the radar penetrated through the sand to the harder rock beneath．On the surface．there is a 1ittle indication that Africa's Sahara Desert was never anything but a desert．When the archeologists studied the radar images，they saw what seemed to be impossible：there was sand．buried landscape that was shaped by flowing water；traces of ancient riverbeds appeared to be over nine miles wide，far wider than most secti6ns of the present．day Nile River．Today,the area is one of the hottest．Driest desert in the world．

　　Archeologists dug pits along the old river banks and found clues to the past：stream．Rounded pebbles(鹅卵石)，Stone-Age axes，broken ostrich(鸵鸟)eggshells，and the shells of land snails．The archeologists were quite pleased with these findings．For years，they'd been finding stone axes scattered through the desert，and couldn't understand why．Now we know that early humans were living on the banks of old rivers，and left their beautiful tools behind．Some are so sharp that you could shave with them．

　　More recently,Lmadsat 4，a special Earth-mapping satellite，aided in the discovery of ancient Mayan ruins in Mexico.Landsat can．with the help of false-color imagery,"see through"much of the area．Armed with these maps，a five-person expedition took to the air in a helicopter．

　　By the end of the second day,the team found a stretch of walled fields that expedition inembers said look like"old New England fences"．They just go on，non'stop，for 40 miles.Later