职称英语考试2006年全真模拟试题卫生类B级(二)

第一部分：词汇选择（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1. The government is debating the education laws.
A) discussing B) defeating C) delaying D) declining

2. They had a far better yield than any other farm miles away around this year.
A) goods B) soil
C) climate D) harvest

3. The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.
A) get rid of B) set up
C) repair D) paint

4．During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.
A) permanent B) powerful
C) striking D) practical

5． Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices.
A) slight B) surprising C) sudden D) harmful

6． Cement was seldom used in building the Middle Ages.
A) crudely B) rarely C) originally D)occasionally

7． There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country.
A) a steady B) a plentiful C) an extra D) a stable

8． The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.
A)puzzling B) difficult C) terrifying D) urgent

9． He made an immense amount of money in business.
A)large B) small C) limited D) little

10. The substance can be added to gasoline to accelerate the speed of automobiles.
A) quicken B)shorten C) loosen D) enlarge

11． We should never content ourselves with a little book knowledge only.
A) convince B)satisfy C) comfort D) benefit

12． We should contemplated the problem from all sides
A) deliberated B)thought C) described D) designed

13． His health had deteriorated while he was in prison.
A) became better B)became worse C) became stronger D) became weaker

14． I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.
A) intended to B)tended to C) extended to D) pretended to

15． As a matter of fact， I love soft music more than popular music.
A) basically B)probably C) actually D) accurately

第二部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共七分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑

Irradiating Food

Irradiating fruits, vegetables, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so. Irradiation of other meats, such as beef and lamb, is being reviewed. Federal approval does not require that industry adopt the process, and few food processors presently offer irradiated products.
Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated foods may cause cancer, despite scientific studies that prove the safety of treated foods. Some people argue that more severe government inspection, higher food-safety standards, and more careful-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe. Consequently, companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars outfitting processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of.
All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label the food either directly on the packaging, or, in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables, by placing a sign nearby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors, nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients.
Presently, the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation -- gamma rays, high-energy electrons, and X rays -- and sets limits on doses, depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it. Different types of food, because of their molecular compositions, may require different doses of radiation.

1. According to the passage, killing insects and bacteria present in foods by irradiating is not completely approved by the US government.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

2. There are quite a number of food processors which are interested in producing irritated foods.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

3. Some consumers are doubtful of the safety of irradiated foods and suggest a more severe government inspection be taken.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

4. Some companies foresee the promising future of setting up food processing factories, although they do not see the need now.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

5. It is required that labels placed on irradiated food or nearby bulk items such as vegetables and fruits should indicate irradiated ingredients.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

6. Restaurants can serve irradiated food bought directly from distributors without labeling it.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

7. The passage tells us that FDA approves irradiating food to some extent but irradiated food is not widely accepted.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 （每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Soot and Snow：a Hot Combination

l New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow．According to a computer simulation，black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century．
2 Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth。where ice is more common，absorbs more of the sun’s energy and warmth than an icy, white background．Dark-colored black carbon，or soot，absorbs sunlight，while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight．
3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play all important role in climate change．Als0，if snow and ice covered areas begin melting。the warming effect increases，as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface．“This provides a positive feedback，as glaciers and ice sheet smelt,they tend to get even dirtier,” said Dr．James Hansen，a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies，NewYork．
4 Hansen found soot’s effect on snow albedo(solar energy reflected back to space)，which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere，such as thinning Arctic sea ice，melting glaciers and permafrost．Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land．
5 “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space，thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon~，”Hansen said．Soot’s increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world’s climate. “This forcing is unusually effective，causing twice as much global warming as a carbon．dioxide forcing of the same magnitude，”Hansen noted．
6 Hansen cautioned．although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial，it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century．Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing f10r也e rest of this century．
7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was 1arge in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes．These observations were consistent with the researchers’ climate model simulations，which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight．

词汇：
soot n．煤烟，煤灰
emission n．释放，散发，排放
simulation v．模拟
latitude n．纬度
glacier n．冰川，冰河
albedo n．反照率
permafrost n．永冻层
forcing n．温室作用
dioxide n．二氧化物
magnitude n．量，大小

练习：
1．Paragraph 3____________
2．Paragraph 4____________
3．Paragraph 6____________
4．Paragraph 7____________

5．In the twentieth century，soot____________
6．Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases____________
7. Black soot covered snow and ice____________
8．A soot forcing is unusually effective，which____________

第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第1篇

Medical Journals

Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals．
In the past，these journals were available only in print．With the development of electronic publishing，many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet，and some journals publish only online．A few medical journals，like the Journal of the American Medical Association，are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine．Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine．
Medical journals publish many types of articles．Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments．Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature．
Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors，combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing，diagnosing or treating a particular disease．Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat at them．Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors，often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue．
Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic．Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments， questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal．