2004年职称英语等级考试试题、答案及题解综合类(B级)试题

第1部分：词汇选项  (第l～15题，每题1分，共15分)
    下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所
给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的
位置上o
1 Have you talked to her lately?
A lastly            B finally
C shortly           D recently

2 While we don’t agree，we continue to be friends.
A Because           B Where
C Although          D Whatever

3 In judging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been Very
 busy recently．
A thought            B account
C mind               D brain

4 You must shine your shoes．
A polish             B clear
C wash               D mend

5 The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident·
A secrets            B details
C benefits           D words

6 I’m content with the way the campaign has gone.
A tied               B satisfied
C filled             D concerned

7 This table is strong and durable．
A long-lasting       B extensive
C far reaching       D eternal

8 He endured agonies before he finally expired．
A fired              B resigned
C died               D retreated

9 The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.
A staring            B laughing
C shouting           D smiling

10 For urban areas this approach was wholly inadequate
A really             B basically
C fundamentally      D completely

11 Mary has blended the ingredients．
A mixed              B made
C cooked            D eaten

12 They agreed to modify．their policy．
A clarify           B change
C define            D develop

13 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September．
A play              B send
C show              D tell

14 A notably short man，he plays basketball with his staff sever al times a week．
A practically       B considerably
C remarkably        D fairly

15 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.
A take out          B repair
C push in           D dig

第2部分：阅读判断  (第16—22题，每题1分，共7分)
    阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑：如果该句提供的是错误信息j请在
答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Help Your Child Become a Reader
    Encouraging early reading skills Call build a path to a lifelong(终身的)love of reading and can help your child get a head start in school．While reading to your child is still the most important thing you can do to build reading skills，there are many techniques that Can help．
    Make reading fun．Play games with your child as you read．Many traditional children’s
games can be adapted to encourage reading ski11s．    ‘
    While reading or during play, tell your child，“I spy with my little eye，something that begins with the letter b．”Help the child find something on the page or in the room that begins with that letter．For example。‘I see a barn．”This can also be used to teach beginning letter sounds．“I spy with my little eye．Something that begins with the sounds．”Help the child find a word that begins with the “s” sound．
In this variation on the popular game, instruct the child that，“Simon says，‘point to something that starts with the letter n．’”The child call then find an object in the room or a body part，such as the nose，that starts with the letter presented．This can also be used to teach beginning sounds．
    Make a game out of rhyming(押韵)words by making up silly words to rhyme with the
child’s name or favorite toys．This sets the stage for rhyming real words by showing the child the similarities of sounds．As the child masters making up the words，begin rhyming real words to one another.
Tips to raise a successful reader：
    Put books in places where the child plays．If books are easily accessible，children are more likely to pick them up．
    Let children “read to you” by looking at pictures．Making up stories to go along with
illustrations helps children discover how words relate to pictures．    ．
    Take books along on trips or even short visits to the doctor’s office or grocery store．
    Have children help you shop．Reading grocery lists and looking for specific items helps
build sight vocabulary．  

16  A good reading habit Can help your child do well at sch001．
  A Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned

17 Computer games call be used to help children develop their reading skills
  A Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned

18 One of the useful games is to play spy．
  A Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned

19 When playing a game you should ask your child to find something starting with the letter b instead Of C．
A Right     B Wrong    C Not mentioned
 
20 The purpose of the rhyming games is to make preparations for children to write poems．
  A Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned

21 You Can ask your child to tell stories based on pictures．
  A Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned

22 You should take books with you when you go out with your child.
  A Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子  (第23~30题，每题1分，共8分)
    阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Global Warming
l  Smoke is clouding Our view of global warming, protecting the planet from perhaps three-quarters of the greenhouse(温室)effect．That might sound like good news，but experts say that as the cover diminishes in coming decades，we are facing a dramatic increase of warming that could be two or even three times as great as official best guesses．
2 This was the dramatic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem，Berlin, where top atmospheric scientists got together, including Nobel prize winner Paul Crutzen and Swedish scientist Bert Bolin，former chairman of the UN’S Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)．
3  IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that aerosols(浮质)of smoke and other particles from burning rainforest，crop waste and fossil fuels are blocking sunlight and counteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide(二氧化物)emissions．Until now，they reckoned that aerosols reduced greenhouse warming by perhaps a quarter, cutting increases by 0．2。C．So the 0．6。C of warming over the past century would have been 0．8。C without aerosols．
4  But the Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure is even higher--aerosols may have reduced global warming by as much as three—quarters，cutting increases by 1．8。C．If SO，the good news is that aerosols have prevented the world getting almost two degrees warmer than it is now．But the bad news is that the climate system is much more sensitive to greenhouse gases than previously guessed．
5 As those gases are expected to continue accumulating in the atmosphere while aerosols stabilize or fall, that means“dramatic consequences for estimates of future climate change”，the scientists agreed in a draft report from the workshop．

23 Paragraph 2              
24 Paragraph 3              
25 Paragraph 4              
26 Paragraph 5             

A Atmospheric Scientists
B The Calculations Made at the Berlin Workshop
C The Previous Calculations of the Effect of Aerosols
D The Scientists’Agreement
E The Authoritative Conclusion
F Greenhouse Gases

27  When the cover diminishes in the coming decades，temperature            
28 The conclusion reached at the Berlin workshop             
29 The Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure             
30 The increase of greenhouse gases             

A will influence future climate change
B was somewhat surprising
C will rise rapidly
D was known to US all
E  was much higher than had been expected
F  will drop dramatically

第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
    下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，
从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
Sleepless at Night
  It was a normal summer night．Humidity(湿气)hung in the thick air．
   I couldn’t go to sleep，partly because of my cold and partly because of my expectations for the next day．My mum had said that tomorrow was going to be a surprise．
   Sweat stuck to my aching body．Finally,  gathered enough strength to sit up．I looked out of my small window into the night．There was a big bright moon hanging in the sky, giving off a magic light．
   I couldn’t stand the pressure anymore，SO I did what I always do to make myself feel better．I went to the bathroom and picked up my toothbrush and toothpaste．I cleaned my teeth as if there was no tomorrow．Back and forth，up and down．
  Then I  walked downstairs to look for some signs of movement，some life．Gladiator, my cat,  frightened me as he meowed(喵喵地唱出)his sad song．He was on t11e old orange couch(长沙发)，sitting up on his front legs，waiting for something to happen．He looked at me as if to say I“I’m lonely, pet me．I need a good hug(紧抱)．”Even the couch begged me to sit on it．
  In one movement I settled down onto the soft couch．This couch represented my parents’marriage，my birth，and hundreds of other little events．
  As I held Gladiator, my heart started beating heavily．My mind was flooded with questions：What’s life? Am I really alive? Are you listening to me? Every time I moved my hand down Gladiator’s body，I had a new thought；each touch sang a different song．
  I forgot all about the heat and the next day’s surprise．The atmosphere was SO full of warmth and silence that I sank into its alms．Falling asleep with the big cat in my arms，I felt all my worries slowly move away．
31 The author of the passage could not go to sleep partly because
A it was too cold．
B it was too dry．
C he had a cold．
D  he had a fever

32 What was the weather like that night?
A It was chilly．
B It was windy．
C It was fine．
D It was cloudy．

33 The author brushed his teeth over and over
A to relieve himself of the pressure．
B to ease his toothache．
C to shake off the cold．
D to remove the dirt．

34 Gladiator was the name of
A a movie．
B a pet．
C a couch．
D a song．

35 What did the‘‘couch’’represent?
A A new thought．
B Different songs．
C A comfortable life．
D Happy memories．

第二篇
Ancient Egypt Brought Down by Famine
    Even ancient Egypt’s mighty pyramid(金字塔)builders were powerless in the face of the
famine(饥荒)that helped bring down their civilization around 2180 B．C．．Now evidence
 collected from mud deposited by the River Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of  kilometers to the south was ultimately to blame--and the same or worse could happen today．
    The ancient Egyptians depended on the Nile’s annual floods to irrigate their crops．But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons(季风)southwards out of Ethiopia would
 have reduced these floods．
    Declining rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to stabilize the soil．W．1len rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile and into  Egypt，along with sediment(沉积)from the White Nile．
    Blue Nile mud has a different isotope(同位素)signature from that of the white Nile．So by analyzing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta．Michael Krom of Leeds
University worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river．
    Krom reasons that during periods of drought，the amount of Blue Nile mud in the river
would be relatively high．He found that one of these periods，from 4500 to 4200 years ago。
immediately came before the fall of the Egypt’s old Kingdom．
    The weakened waters would have been disaster for the Egyptians．‘‘Changes that affect food supply don’t have to be very large to have a ripple(波浪)effect in societies，”says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory in New York．
    Similar events today could be even more devastating，says team member Daniel Stanley．a
scientist from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D．C．“Anything humans do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system today because the
populations have increased dramatically．”

36 Why does the author mention “Egypt’s mighty pyramid builders’’?
A Because they once worked miracles．
B Because they were well—built．
C Because they were actually very weak．
D Because even they were unable to rescue their civilization．

37 Which of the following factors was ultimately responsible for bringing down the
civilization of ancient Egypt?
A Change of climate．
B Corrulption．
C flood．
D Population growth．

38 which of the following statements is true?
A The White Nile is the trunk of the River Nile．
B The White Nile is the trunk of the Blue Nile．
C The White Nile is a branch of the Blue Nile．
D The White Nile is a branch of the River Nile．

39 According to Krom，the Egypt’s o1d Kingdom fell
  A immediately after a period of drought．
  B immediately after a period of flood．
  C just before a drought struck．
  D just before a flood struck．

40 The word “devastating” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by
  A “frustrating'’．
  B “damaging'’．
  C “defeating”．
  D “worrying'’．

第三篇
Technology Transfer in Germany
    When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success，few nations can match Germany．Since the 1940s，the nation’s vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science．And though German prosperity(繁荣)has faltered(衰退)over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline，it still has an enviable(令人羡慕的)record for turning ideas into profit．
    Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies·But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition．Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer，and technology parks are springing up all over．These efforts are being complemented by the federal programs for pumping money into start-up companies.
  Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success，but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favoring applied research will mean neglecting basic science， eventually starving industry of flesh ideas．If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur(企业家)，the argument goes，then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity．driven：free and widely available will suffer．Others claim that many of the programs to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
  While this debate continues，new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany’s research networks，which bear famous names such as Helmholtz，Max Planck and Leibniz．Yet it is the fourth network，the Fraunhofer Society，that plays the greatest role in technology transfer．
    Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe’S largest organization for applied technology，and has 59 institutes employing 1 2，000 people．It continues to grow．Last year’it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin．Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia．
1 What factor Can be attributed to German prosperity?
A Technology transfer．
B Good management．
C Hard work．
D  Fierce competition．

2 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?
A  It is free．
B  It is profit-driven．
C  It is widely available．
D  It is curiosity—driven．

3 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organization for applied technology in
A  Asia．
    B  USA．
    C  Europe．
    D  Africa．

4 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?
A  In 1940．
    B Last year．
    C  After the unification．
    D  In 1949．

5 The word“expertise’’in line 3 could be best replaced by
  A  “experts”．
  B  “scientists”．
  C  “scholars”．
  D  “special knowledge”．
第5部分：补全短文  (第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
    阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择
5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位
置上。
You Need Courage!
Shortly after I began a career in business，I learned that Carl Weatherup，president of PepsiCo(百事可乐公司)，was speaking at the University of Colorado．I tracked down the
person handling his, schedule and managed to get myself an appointment．        (46)
    So there 1 was sitting outside the university’s auditorium，waiting for the president of PepsiCo．I could hear him talking to the students…and talking，and talking．         (47)He was now five minutes over, which dropped my time with him down to 10 minutes．Decision time．
    I wrote a note on the back of my business card，reminding him that he had a meeting．“You
have a meeting with Jeff Hoye at 2：30 pm．”I took a deep breath，pushed open the doors of the auditorium and walked straight up the middle aisle(过道)toward him as he talked．Mr．
Weatherup stopped．         (48)Just before I reached the door, I heard him tell the group
that he was running late．He thanked them for their attention，wished them luck and walked out to where 1 was now sitting，holding my breath．
    He looked at the card and then at me．“Let me guess．”he said．“You’re Jeff．”He smiled．         (49)
He spent the next 30 minutes offering me his time，some wonderful stories that I still use，and an invitation to visit him and his group in New Y_0rk．But what he gave me that I value the most was the encouragement to continue to do as I had done．         (50)When things need to happen，you either have the nerve to act or you don’t．

A I began breathing again and we grabbed(霸占)an office right there at school and closed the door．
B  As I sat listening to him，I knew that I could trust him，and that he deserved every bit of loyalty I could give to him．
C  I became alarmed：his talk wasn’t ending when it should have．
D  He said that it took nerve for me to interrupt him，and that nerve was the key tO SUCCESS in the business world．
E  1 was told，however，that he was on a tight schedule and only had 1 5 minutes available after  his talk to the business class．
F  I handed him the card then I turned and walked out the way I came．

第6部分：完形填空  (第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)    ．
一  卤读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从
4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
     American public education has changed numbers of American parents and teachers are
in recent years．One change is that increasing starting independent public schools        (51)charter schools(特许学校)．    ．
     In 1991，there were no charter schools in the United States．Today, more than 2,300 charter schools        (52)in 34 states and the District of Columbia．575,000 students
         (53)these schools．The students are from 5 years of age through 1 8 or older．
A charter school is        (54)by groups of parents，teachers and community(社区)
members．It is similar in some ways        (55)a traditional public sch001．It receives tax money to operate just as other public schools do．The        (56)it receives depends on the number of students．The charter school must．prove to local or state governments that its students are learning．These governments        (57)the school with the agreement。Or charter that permits it to operate．
Unlike a traditional public school，         (58)，the，charter school does not have to obey most laws governing public schools．Local，state or federal governments cannot tell it what        (59)．
Each school can choose its own goals and decide the ways it wants to        (60)those goals. Class sizes usually are，smaller than in many traditional public schools．Many
Students and parents say        (61)in charter schools Can be more creative．
  However, state education agencies，local education-governing committees and unions often          (62)charter schools．They say these schools may receive money badly
         (63)by traditional public schools．Experts say some charter schools are doing well
while others are struggling．
Congress provided 200 million dollars for        (64)charter schools in the 2002 federal budget(预算)．But，often the schools say they lack enough money for their          (65)．Many also lack needed space．

51   A  called          B   asked           C   known          D   said
52   A  study           B   conduct         C   operate        D   perform
53   A  finish          B   attend          C   leave          D   cut
54   A  taught          B   held            C   created        D   understood
55   A  to              B   with            C   by             D   in
56   A  attention       B   amount          C   expense        D   information
57   A  buy             B   review          C   give           D   provide
58   A  besides         B   moreover        C   thus           D   however
59   A  teach           B   discuss         C   have           D   get
60   A  set             B   reach           C   indicate       D   define
61   A  farmers         B   works           C   teachers       D   soldiers
62   A  oppose          B   change          C   enter          D   encourage
63   A  treated         B   need            C   earned         D   wasted
64   A  needing         B   spending        C   comparing      D   establishing
65   A  programs        B   parents         C   records        D   words

2004年职称英语等级考试
综合类(B级)答案

满分100分，其中：
1—15每题1分；
16—30每题1分
3I--45每题3分
46-_50每题2分
51--65每题1分

1.D    2.C      3.B      4.A    5.B
6.B    7.A      8.C      9.A    10.D
11.A    12.B    13.C    14.C    15.A

16.A    17.C    18.C    19.B    20.B    21.A    22.A

23.E     24.C    25.B    26.D
27.C     28.B    29.E    30.A

31.C     32.C    33.A    34.B   35.D
36.D     37.A    38.D    39.A   40.B
41.A     42.B    43.C    44.D   45.D

46.E    47.C   48.F   49.A   50.D

51.A   52.C    53.B   54.C   55.A
56.B    57.D    58.D   59.A   60.B
61.C    62.A    63.B   64.D   65.A

2004年职称英语等级考试试题题解
综合类(B级)
第1部分：词汇选项
1．D  “lately”和“recently”都有“最近”的意思。
2．C  “while”在这个句子中引起的是一个让步从旬，所起的作用是跟“although”一样的。
3．B  “take into consideration”和“take into account”都是“考虑”的意思，是固定的说法。
4．A“polish”和“shine”都有“擦亮”的意思。
5．B  “details”是“细节”的意思。“particulars”也是“细节”的意思。
6．B  content：满意的。satisfied：满意的，分词形容词。二者都需要与介词with连用，可以用satisfied替代content。tied：系上了的。filled：满的。concerned：关心的。尽管后三个词都有可能与介词with连用，但意思与content不一样。
7．A durable：耐用的。long·lasting：耐用的。二者意思相近，可以用durable替换long—lasting。extensive：广泛的。far．reaching：深远的。etemal：永恒的。
8．C  expired：断气。died：死。二者意思相近，可以用died替换expired。fired：开枪。
retreated：撤退。
9．A  gazing(at)：凝视。staring(at)：凝视。二者意思相近，都需要与介词at连用，可以用staring(at)替换gazing(at)。laughing(at)：嘲笑。shouting(at)：对……大声吆呵。smiling(at)：看着……微笑。
lO．D  wholly：完全地。  completely：完全地。二者意思相近，可以用completely替换wholly。really：真正地。basically：基本上。fundamentally：基础地。
11．A  blend的意思是“混合99四个选项中只有mix和它同义。
12．B  modify的意思是“改动，修改”，故和change同义，clarify的意思是“澄清”，define是“界定”的意思。
13．C  句子的意思是“九月份经济继续呈现衰退的迹象”，和exhibit  同义的只有show。
14．C  a notably short man的意思是“显而易见是个矮个子”，notably是“明显地，容易被注意到地”的意思，和remarkably同义。
15．A  是最佳答案。extract a tooth是“拔牙”的意思，在四个选项中只有take out可以替代。第2部分：阅读判断
16．答案是A。本题的意思是：良好的阅读习惯对孩子在学校的学习有帮助。第一段的第一个句子谈到了这一点：鼓励儿童提高阅读技巧有助于他们在学校名列前茅。
17．答案是C。本题的枣思是：电脑游戏可以用来帮助孩子提高阅读技巧。本文虽然提到了做游戏，但却没有提及电脑游戏。
18．答案是C。本题的意思是：一个有用的游戏是装扮成间谍。本文没有提到间谍的事。
19．答案是B。本题的意思是：做游戏的时候，应该让孩子去找以字母b而不是以字母c开头的东西。文章不是这个意思，提到字母b只是举一个例子而已，实际上任何字母都可以。
20．答案是B。本题的意思是：押韵游戏的目的是为孩子们写诗作准备。但文章第五段第二个句子说，押韵游戏通过让孩子了解声音的相似性，可以为给实际语言运用中的词押韵做准备。所以，押韵游戏的直接目的不是为写诗。
21．答案是A。本题的意思是：可以让孩子看图讲故事。文章倒数第三段谈到：让孩子把图“念给你听”，也就是看图说话。
22．答案是A。本题的意思是：与孩子一起出门的时候应该带上书。正确。文章倒数第二段谈到，旅行时，甚至去看医生或者去杂货店时，都要带上书。第3部分：概括大意与宪成句子
23．答案为E。文章第三段指出，结论是由杰出的大气科学家做出的。“杰出的科学家”即权威科学家。
24。答案为c。文章第三段提到了对浮质所产生的影响进行的计算，这个计算先于第四段所提及的计算，因而被称为“先前的”计算。
25．答案为B。文章第四段开头指出，“然而，柏林讨论会得出的结论是，真正的数字比这 还要高——浮质可能已经把全球气候变暖的情况减少了四分之三。”因此，本段讲的是柏林讨论会的计算。
26．答案为D。第五段讲的是科学家们关于浮质对气候变化影响的一个一致性的看法。
27．答案为C。文章第一段指出，随着在未来几十年里这种烟雾覆盖物的不断减少，我们会面临惊人的气候变暖的情况，也就是说，覆盖物减少，气温会迅速升高。
28．答案为B。柏林讨论会的结论有点令人吃惊，因为这个结论认为，浮质可能已经把全球气候变暖的情况减少了四分之三，这个数字是惊人的。
29．答案为E。文章第四段指出，“然而，柏林讨论会得出的结论是，真正的数字比这还要高”，“比这还要高”．是说比第三段推测的数字要高，也就比人们预期的要高。
30．答案为A。文章的最后一段提到了这个问题：这些气体(温室气体)在大气里不断聚积对未来气候变化的预测产生惊人的后果。
第4部分：阅读理解
31．c该题问的是：该文的作者不能入睡的部分原因是什么?第二段的第一个句子是这么说的：我不能入睡，部分原因是感冒，部分原因是对第二天的期待。
32．C该题问的是：那天的天气怎么样?第一段的第一句是这么说的：这是一个普通的夏季里的夜晚。第三段的最后一句话说的是：一个巨大的明媚的月亮悬挂在天空，发出妖艳的光芒。可见，那天天气很好。
33．A该题问的是：作者不断地刷牙是为什么?第四段的第一句话是这么说的．：我再也受不住这种压力了。于是我就去做我经常做的事，使得感觉好些。下面就谈到了刷牙。
34．B该题问的是：“Gladiator”是什么的名字?第五段的第二句话是这么说韵：Gladiator，我的猫，喵喵地唱出了它的悲哀的歌，把我吓了一跳。可见“Gladiator”是爱畜的名字。
35．D该题问的是：“couch”代表了什么?倒数第三段的第二个句子是这么说的：这个“躺椅，代表了我父母的婚姻、我的降临，以及许许多多其他的小的事件。不难看出，它代表的是愉快的记忆。
36．D这道题问的是：作者为什么提及“古埃及伟大的金字塔建筑者”?文章开头有这么一句话，中文意思是：即使古埃及伟大的金字塔建筑者面对那场在公元前2180年促使他们的文明毁灭的饥荒也无能为力。D说的是：即使是他们也不能挽救他们的文明。因此D是正确的答案。A说的是：他们曾创造过奇迹。B说的是：他们很强壮。C说的是：他们其实很弱。
 37．A这道题问的是：下面列出的几种因素中哪一种因素是造成古埃及文明毁灭的根本性因素。A说的是：气候变化。第一段中有这样一个子句：…a shift in climate…was ultimately to blame…最终归咎于气候的变化。在第一题的题解中，我们提到了“饥荒” 与“古埃及文明毁灭”的关系。但“饥荒”是表层的因素，“气候的变化”才是古埃及 文明毁灭的深层的因素。因此，A是正确的答案。B：腐败。c：水灾。D：人口增长。
38．D这道题问的是：下面列出的几种陈述哪一种是正确的?D说的是：白尼罗河是尼罗河的支流。第四段中的最后一句话是这么说的：…worked out what‘proportion of sediment came from each branch ofthe river．……找到了来自河的每条支流的沉积物的比例。这里的“河”是指“尼罗河”，“每条支流”回指上文所说的“青尼罗河”和“白尼罗河”。因此，D是正确的答案。A：白尼罗河是尼罗河的干流。B：白尼罗河是青尼罗河的干流。c：白尼罗河是青尼罗河的支流：显然，这些都不构成答案。
39．A这道题问的是：古埃及王朝毁灭发生在什么时候?A说的是：就在一个时期的干旱之后。第五段有这么一个句子：…one of these periods…immediately came before the fall of the Egypt's Old Kingdom．其中的一个时期……就发生在古埃及王国毁灭之前。可以看出，A应该是正确的答案。B：就在一个时期的水灾之后。C：就在遇到一次旱灾之前。D：就在遇到一次水灾之前。
40．B devastate是及物动词。意思是：使荒芜；破坏。devastating既是现在分词，又是形容词。此处devastating不是现在分词，因为它后面不跟名词短语，它只能是形容词。它的意思是：破坏性的。frustrate是动词。意思是：使受挫；受挫。frustrating是现在分词，同时也是形容词。作形容词时，它的意思是：失望的。可以看出，它跟devastating的意思相差很远。damage：破坏，毁灭。damaging是它的现在分词，但它本身也是形容词，意思是：破坏的或毁灭的。跟devastating意思相近，是合适的选择。defeat：击败。worry：担忧，发愁。worrying：令人担忧的，令人发愁的。
41．正确答案为A。答案在第一段可以找到，该段的最后一句话it still has a11 enviable record
  forturning ideas into profit是该段的总结，明确指出了德国的繁荣归功于技术的转换。
42．正确答案为B。答案可以在第三段里找到，这一段里有这样一句话：traditional principles    of university research being curiosity．driven，free and widely available’will suffer，传统的 大学科研原则有三个特点，惟独没有‘profit-driven，即受利益驱动。
43．正确答案为C。答案在最后一段里讲得很清楚。
44．正确答案为D。答案在最后一段的第一句话里。
45．正确答案为D。expertise是特殊领域的知识和学问的意思，另外三个选项都用来指人，在这个上下文里根本不合适。

第5部分：补金短文
46．E文章的第一段谈到，“我”得知百事公司的老总要在科罗拉多大学讲学，就设法得到了约见他的机会。接下去应该是E，这是一个转折，“我”虽然得到了约见他的机会，但在他作完演讲之后却只有15分钟的时间。所以，在第二段的开头才会出现：“我”在大学礼堂外面等候的描述。E与前后连贯，所以是答案。
47．C第二段开头描述“我”在礼堂外面等候的情况。第二个句子谈到，“我”能听到他给学生们讲话，他讲啊讲……最后一个句子提到，他已经超过了五分钟了。在第二句和最后一句之间应该是C，“我大为吃惊，他该停的时候没停”。
48．F第三段讲“我”在名片后面写了个便条提醒他还有个约会，然后推开门，向他走去。接下去很自然应该是F，把名片递给他。
49。A第四段谈到，百事的老总看了看名片，又看了看我，……他笑了。他笑了，说明他同意和我谈话，所以，接下去应该是A。
50．D第五段第二个句子谈到，他所给“我”的也是“我”最珍视的，就是他鼓励“我”继续按照“我”做过的作法做。“我”作过的做法就是有胆量打断一个总裁的演讲，所以，接下去应该是D，是总裁对“我”所作鼓励的具体内容。

第6部分：宪形填空
51．A called是过去分词作后置定语表示被动，这里是说，那些学校被叫做特许学校。asked，known，said不仅意思不合适，也不符合这里的语法要求：如果硬要用asked  修饰public schools，也得说，public schools asked t0 do sth．；在这里的语境中，known  要与as连用；said要与tobe连用。
52．C operate在这里是不及物动词，是“运转”的意思。作为不及物动词，study，conduct  和perform在这里作charter schools的谓语都不合适。
53．B attend school上学，是一个固定的表达方式，finish和cut放在these schools前面不通：可以说leave these schools，但attend these schools更符合这里上下文的要求。
54．C虽然从语法上说taught，held和understood在这里都可以用，但从意思上讲，却只能用cmamd，因为根据这一段其他句子所提供的上下文，这个句子讲的应该是特许学校及其兴办人。
55．A be similar to是一个固定说法。
56．B the amount是the amount 0f money的省略形式，它与上一句的tax money相照应。expense不能与receive连用；attention和information虽然可以和receive连用，但从意思上不符合上下文的要求。
57．D provide与with连用，恰好与原句中的with相吻合。buy和review常与for连用，give常与to连用。
58．D besides此外，moreover而且，thus因而，however然而。这四个词中只有however表示转折关系。原句的意思是：与传统的公共学校不同，大多数用以管理公共学校的法律，特许学校都不必遵守。显然，这里讲的是特许学校与传统公共学校之间不同，与上一段构成对照关系，是一种转折，所以要用however。
59．A这个句子中的it指的是上一句中的the charter school，学校的主要功能是教学；这个句子的下一句说，每个学校(指特许学校)都可以选择自己的目标，也就是“教什么”。综合这两点，这里应该填teach。
60．B reachthose goals意思是“达到那些目标”。这个句子的意思是：每个学校(指特许学校)都可以选择自己的目标，并可以决定达到那些目标的途径。所以，最佳选择是reach。set，indicate和define与旬意相关性甚小。
61．c本文一直在谈特许学校的事，这个句子仍然在谈特许学校的事，所以teachers应为首选。
62．A从上下文看，这里的意义应该是反面的。这四个词中，encourage的意义是正面的，不能选，change和enter与这里的上下文相关性较小，所以，最佳选择是oppose。
63．B这个句子提及的是反对特许学校的一个理由，那就是，特许学校可能会挤用传统公共学校非常需要的钱。所以，这里应该用needed。
64．D这个句子提到，国会为……提供了20亿美元。四个选项中，只有establishing与charter schools连用最符合题意。
65．A programs在这里指的是“学校的课程计划”。这个句子的意思是：虽然有国会大量的拨款，特许学校仍然会经常说他们缺乏足够的钱来完成他们的教学计划。其他三个词缺乏相关性。