05职称英语理工C考试模拟题

职称英语等级考试理工类C级

模拟题第一套

第1部分 词汇选择（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分， 建议10分钟以内完成）
下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1. The war was over, but the whole country was in a state of disorder.
A. confusion  B. disagreement   C. disappearance  D. disaster

2 On Thanksgiving in the United States, families gather and give thanks for the blessing(祝福) of the past year.
A pick up B come together C compete D correspond

3． In Tom's eyes, the restaurant at the corner of the street is a very smart one.
A clever B elegant C loyal D brave

4. He was said to have been removed from the position of manager for a recent conflict with an important customer.
A dismissed  B released C picked D exposed

5 I don't feel secure when I am alone in the house.
A safe  B pretty C distant D obvious

6 Numerous attempts have been made to hide the truth.
A Many  B Successful C Effective D Unsuccessful

7 Ms Hawkins handles the company's accounts.
A deals with   B deals in  C holds on D holds out

8 I reserve the right to disagree.
A deserve B keep  C perceive D notice

9 The solid facts he provided in his speech left a deep impression on his audience.
A strong B entire C reliable D hard

10 We can't take more than 100 guests.
A hold  B set  C let  D catch

11 My sister has a talent for music.
A interest  B limitation C dream  D gift

12.Everyone in the class participated in the farewell party.
A. contributed to    B. took pleasure in
C. took part in    D. enjoyed

13. It is odd that so little is known about the talented painter.
A. surprising  B. unreasonable  C. strange  D. unbelievable

14 This book embraces many subjects.
A adopts B covers C presses D accepts

15 He is sure of the coming of investment boom after adopting the new investment policies.
A decrease B increase C influence D preparation

第二部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共七分，　建议１２分钟以内完成）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑

El Nino （厄尔尼诺现象）

  While some forecasting methods had limited SUCCESS predicting the 1997 E1 Nino a few months in advance，the Columbia University researchers say their method call predict large E1 Nino events up to two years in advance．That would be good news for governments，farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world.
Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate E1 Nino events dating back to1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures．The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature．
  The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C．Weare．a meteorologist at the University of California, Davis，who was not involved in the work，said it“suggests‘E1 Nino is indeed predictable．”
  “This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods．”said Weare．He added that the new method“makes it possible to predict El Nino at 1ong lead times．” Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data，which is only available for recent decades，Weare said．
  The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacitic is of immense importance’．The 1997 El Nino，for example，caused an estimated$20 billion in damage worldwide，offset by beneficial effects in other areas，said David Anderson，of the European Centre for Medium．Range Weather Forecasts in Reading England．The 1877 El Nino，meanwhile，coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China。prompting the development of seasonal forecasting，Anderson said．
  When El Nino hit in 199 1 and 1997.200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone．according to a 2002 United Nations report．
  While predicting smaller E1 Nino events remains tricky．the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed．
  E1 Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February．The warming tends to last between 9 and 1 2 months and occurs every two to seven years·   
  The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible．

E1 Nino n．厄尔尼诺现象
Equatorial adj．赤道的
Occurrence n．发生
Meteorologist n．气象学家
Offset v．抵销
Lead adj．提前的
Monsoon n．季风
Tricky adj．难以捉摸的

练习：
1．The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict E1 Nino a few months in advance．
A．Right    B．Wrong    C．Not mentioned

2. The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past EI Nino occurrences and sea—surface temperatures．
A．Right    B．Wrong    C．Not mentioned

3. The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past EI Nino occurrences．
A．Right    B．Wrong    C．Not mentioned

4. Weare’s contribution in predicting E1 Nino，was highly praised by other meteorologists．
A．Right    B．Wrong    C．Not mentioned

5. According to a Chinese report，the flooding in China caused by E1 Nino in 1 99 1 and 1 997 affected 200 million Chinese people．  
A．right    B．Wrong    C．Not mentioned  

6. It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak．
A．right   B．Wrong    C．Not mentioned

7. A special institute has been set up in America to study E1 Nino．
A．Right    B．Wrong    C．Not mentioned

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 （每题1分，共8分，　建议１０分钟以内完成）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

More than 8 hours sleep too much of a good thing
      Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known，new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences．
      Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep，as well as a number of other sleep problems，than people who sleep 8 hours a night．People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers．
     These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside。more than 8 hours a night．He added that“it might be a good idea'’for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this．
Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more．
      For the current report，Kripke reviewed the responses of 1，004 adults to sleep questionnaires，in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they experienced any sleep problems．Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night，arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep，and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning．
     KriDke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours．In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed．As evidence，he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed．“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake．”he said．
 
1. Paragraph 2 ___.
2. Paragraph 4___.
3. Paragraph 5___.
4. Paragraph 6___.
 
A. Keprike’s research tool
B. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep
C. Criticism on Kripke’s report
D. A way of overcoming insomnia
E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers
F. Classification of sleep problems
 
5.To get a good night’s rest，people may not need to ___.
6.Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to___.
7.One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night，unable to___.
8.One survey showed that people who habitually ___each night have a higher risk of dying．
 
A  fall asleep again  ．
B  become more energetic the following day
C  sleep less than 7 hours
D  confirm those serious consequences
E  suffer sleep problems
F sleep more than 8 hours

第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分，　建议４０分钟以内完成）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Ford Abandoned Electric Vehicle
    The Ford motor company’s abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology，analysts say．
    General Motors。and Honda’ceased production of battery．powered cars in 1 999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer．Ford has now announced it will do the same．
  Three years ago．the company introduced the Think City two—seater car and a golf cart called the THINK, or Think Neighbor．It hoped to sell 5，000 cars each year and 10，000 carts．But a lack of demand means only about l，000 of the cars have been produced，and less than 1。700 carts have been sold so far in 2002．
    “The bottom line is we don’t believe that this is the future of environment transport for the mass market．”Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday．“We feel we have given electric our best shot”
The Think City has a range of only about 53 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time．General Motors’EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range。of about 100 miles．
The very expensive batteries also mean electric cars cost much more than petrol-powered alternatives．An electric Toyot~RAV4 EV vehicle costs over$42，000 in the US, compared with just $17，000 for the petrol version．Toyota and Nissan…are now the only major auto manufacturers to produce electric vehicles．   
“There is a feeling that battery electric has been given its chance．Ford now has to move on with its hybrid program“，and that is what we will be judging them on，”Roger Higman，a senior transport campaigner at UK Friends of the Earth，told the Environment News Service．
Hybrid cars introduced by Toyota and Honda in the past few years have sold well．Hybrid engines Offer Greater mileage than petrol—only engines , and  the batteries recharge themselves. Ford says it thinks such vehicles will help it meet planned new guidelines“on vehicle emissions” in the U.S.
  However, it is not yet clear exactly what those guidelines will permit．In June，General Motors and Daimler Chrysler  won a court injunction，delaying by two years Californian legislation requiring car—makers to offer 100，000 zero-emission and other low—emission vehicles in the state by 2003．Car manufacturers hope the legislation will be rewritten to allow for more low--emission，rather than zero—emission，vehicles．
1.What have the Ford motor company．General Motor’s and Honda done concerning electric cars?
A)They have started to produce electric cars．
B)They have done extensive research on electric Cars
C)They have given up producing electric cars．   
D)They have produced thousands of electric Cars

2.According to Tim Holmes of Ford Europe，battery-powered cars
A)will be the main transportation vehicles in the future
B)will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future．
C)will be good to the environment in the future
D)will replace petrol—powered vehicles in the future．
 
3. Which auto manufacturers are still producing electric vehicles?
A)Toyota and Nissan
B)General Motor’s and Honda
C)Ford and Toyota
D)Honda and Toyota
 
4.According to the eighth paragraph，hybrid cars
A)offer fewer mileage than petrol driven cars
B)run faster than petrol driven cars
C)run more miles than petrol driven cars
D)offer more batteries than petrol driven cars
 
5.Which of the following is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to the last paragraph?
  A)Low-emission cars should be banned．
  B)Only zero-emission cars are allowed to run on motorways．
  C)The legislation will encourage car makers to produce more electric cars．
  D)The legislation will allow more 10w．emission to be produced．

Some things we know about language
    Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so．But some
things we do know．
First，we know that all human beings have a language of some sort．There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language，no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one mother．Furthermore，in historical times，there has never been a race of men without a language．
    Second，there is no such thing as a primitive language．There are many people whose
cultures are undeveloped，who are，as we say，uncivilized。but the languages they speak are not primitive．In all known 1anguages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing．
   This has not always been well understood；indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated． Popular ideas of the 1anguage of the American Indians will illustrate．Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises．study has proved this to be nonsense．There are，or were，hundreds of American Indian languages，and a11 of them rum out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with，but they are no more primitive than English and Greek．
    A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate．That is．each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language．
Finally, we know that language changes．It is natural and normal for language to change； the only languages which do not change are the dead ones．This is easy to understand if we look backward in time．Change goes on in all aspects of language．Grammatical features change as do speech sounds，and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly．Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

练习：
1.In the second paragraph the author thinks that
  A)some backward race doesn’t have a language of its own．
  B)some race in history didn’t possess a language of its own．
  C)any human race，whether backward or not，has a language．
  D)some races on earth call communicate without language．

2.According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have           languages．
  A)complicated
  B)uncivilized
  C)primitive
  D)well-known

3.The author has used American Indian languages as all example to show that they are
  A)just as old as some well-known languages．
  B)just as sophisticated as some well-known languages．
  C)more developed than some well-known languages．
  D)more complex than some well-known languages．

4.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
  A)A language is a means of expressing a particular culture．
  B)AU languages Can well express their respective cultures．
  C)American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English．
  D)Some languages are better than other languages．

5.According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in
  A)grammar．
  B)pronunciation．
  C)vocabulary．
  D)intonation．

Florida Hit by Cold Air mass
In January, 2003，the eastern two．thirds of the United States was at the mercy of a bitterly cold air mass that has endangered  Florida’s citrus trees，choked northern harbors with ice and left bewildered residents of North Carolina’s Outer Banks digging out of up to a foot of snow．
    The ice chill deepened as temperatures fell to the single digits。in most of me。South,with all unfamiliar dip below the freezing mark as far south as parts of interior South Florida．Temperatures in Florida plunged，with West Palm Beach dropping to a record low of 2 degrees．
    “We couldn’t believe how cold it was，”said Martin King，who arrived this week in Orlando。from England．“We brought shorts，T·shirt，and I had to go out and buy another coat．”
    The temperature plunge posed a threat to Florida’s US$9.1 billion-a-year citrus crop．More of which is still on the trees．Growers were hurrying to harvest as much of the fruit as possible before it was damaged by cold．
    “Time is of the essenceⅢin getting fruit to the plant，”said Tom Rogers，a citrus grower who expected to see damage to oranges and grapefruit at that time．
    In Florida，Governor Jeb Bush signed an emergency order to eliminate the weight limit Oil trucks SO citrus growers could get as much fruit to market as possible．
    Casey Pace，a spokeswoman for Florida Citrus Mutual，said growers had sprayed trees with sprinklers。which created a layer of ice and helped maintain a temperature near freezing．Citrus trees are considered in danger of damage if the temperature drops below minus 2 degrees Celsius for four hours or more．Snow ranging from a dusting to up to 30 centimeters “blanketed“ the Carolinas，Tennessee and parts of Virginia．
练习：
1.Which．of the following statements is not meant in the first two paragraphs?
  A)The cold air mass was a threat to Florida’s citrus crop．
  B)The temperature in the United States except the South dropped below the freezing mark．
  C)The northern harbors were blocked with ice．
  D)The eastern two thirds of the United States was hit by cold air mass．
 
2.According to the second paragraph，in which area(s)did the temperature fall below zero?
  A)Most of the South．
  B)Parts of interior South Florida．
  C)West Palm Beach．
  D)All of the above．
 
3.King’s statement that “we brought shorts，T-shirt，and I had to go out and buy another coat．”shows that
  A)he was caught by the sudden cold．
  B)he needed formal clothes．
  C)fashion in Florida is tempting．
  D)Florida is hot compared with England．
 
4.Governor Jeb issue the emergency order because he
  A)thought speed limit for trucks was unreasonable．
  B)tried to improve the traffic condition of the expressways．
  C)wanted to encourage trucks to transport as much fruit to market as possible
  D)wanted to stop trucks from carrying too much fruit to market．
 
5.Which statement is NOT true according to the last paragraph?
  A)Sprinklers were used to protect citrus trees from being damaged．
  B)Citrus trees would be damaged if the temperature drops below minus 2~C for four hours．
  C)The Carolinas，Tennessee and parts of Virginia were covered with snow．
  D)Florida Citrus Mutual sprayed trees with sprinklers for citrus growers．

第五部分：补全短文（每题2分，共10分，建议在１０分钟以内完成　）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。
The World’s Longest Bridge
    Rumor has it that a legendary six—headed monster lurks in the deep waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea between Italy and the island of Sicily．——(1)——When completed in 2010，the world’s longest bridge will weigh nearly 300，000 tons—equivalent to the iceberg that sank the Titanic—and stretch 5 kilometers long．“That’s nearly 50 percent longer than any other bridge ever built，”says structural engineer Shane Rixon．
  ——(2) ——They’re suspension bridges，massive structures built to span vast water channels or gorges．A suspension bridge needs just two towers to shoulder the structure’s mammoth weight，thanks to hefty supporting cables slung between the towers and anchored firmly in deep pools of cement at each end of the bridge．The Messina Strait Bridge will have two 54，100-ton towers，which will support most of the bridge’s load．The beefy cables of the bridge．each 1.2 meter in diameter, will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built．
    When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005，the first job will be to erect two 370 meter-tall steel towers．——(3)——Getting these cables up will be something．It’s not just their length—totally 5.3 kilometers—but their weight．  ——(4)——
    After lowering vertical“suspender”cables from the main cables．builders will erect a 60 meter-wide 54.630-ton steel roadway, or deck——wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic．The deck’s weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70，500 tons．In return，the cables yank up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 1 39。000 tons—equivalent to the weight of about 100，000 cars．Those anchors are essential．——(5)——

练习：
A Some environmentalists are against the project on biological grounds．
B What do the world’s longest bridges have in common?
C If true，one day you might spy the beast while zipping(呼啸而过)across the Messina Strait Bridge．
D They’re what will keep the bridge from going anywhere．
E The second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait，each set being a bundle of 44,352 individual steel wires．
F They will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons—more than half the bridge’s total mass．

第6部分：完型填空　（建议在１５钟以内完成）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Save Energy at Home
  On the average，Americans waste as much energy as two-thirds of the world’s population consumes．That’s  _1_  the result of driving inefficient cars，using inefficient appliances，andliving and working in poorly insulated buildings．Then what can you do to improve the  _2_  ?
  Buy energy-efficient products．—Buy new appliances or electronics of the highest energy-efficiency rating．New energy·efficient models may cost more initially，but have a lower operating  _3_  over their lifetimes．The most energy-efficient models  _4_  the Energy Star label．which identifies products that use 20一40 percent less energy than standard new products． According to the EPA，the typical American household can save about$400 per year in   _5_  bills with products that carry the Energy Star．
Switch to compact fluorescent bulbs．一Change the three bulbs you use  _6_  in your house to compact fluorescents3．Each compact fluorescent bulb will keep half a ton of carbon dioxide out of the air over its lifetime． _7_  ，compact fluorescent bulbs last ten times as long and can save$30 per year in electricity costs．
  Set heating and cooling temperatures correctly．—Check thermostats in your home to make sure they are  _8_  at a level that doesn’t waste energy．Get an electronic thermostat that will  allow your furnace to heat the house to a lower temperature when you’re sleeping and retum it to a more  _9_  temperature before you wake up．
  Turn off the lights．一  _10_  lights and other electrical appliances such as televisions and radios when you’re not using them．Install automatic timers for lights that people in your house frequently forget to turn them off when  _11_  a room．
  Choose renewable energy．— Many consumers can now choose their energy supplier．If you have a choice，choose an electric utility that uses renewable power  _12_  ，such as solar, water or wind．
  Let the sun shine In．—The cheapest and most energy—efficient light and heat source is often right_outside your windows．On  _13_ days，open blinds to let the sun light’your home for free．Also remember that  _14_  entering a room equals passive solar heating．Even on cold winter days，sun streaming into a room Can raise the temperature by several  _15_．

词汇：
dioxide／n．二氧化物
insulate／adj．隔热
thermostat／n．温度自动调节器
rating／n．等级级别
timer／n．定时器
fluorescent／adj．荧光的
blind／n．百叶窗

1．  A) unlikely     B)largely    C)tremendously  D)vastly
2．  A) tool      B)factor     C)fact     D)situation
3．  A) prize      B)label     C)cost     D)position   
4．  A) carry      B)bring     C)change      D)return
5．  A) phone     B)water     C)food     D)energy
6．  A) less      B)most     C)rarely    D)seldom
7．  A) Moreover    B)However   C)Therefore    D)So
8．  A) corrected     B)changed   C)set     D)repaired
9．  A) comfortable   B)common   C)convenient     D)dramatic
10． A) Turn over     B)Turn on    C)Turn off    D)Turn out
11． A) decorating    B)using     C)repairing     D)leaving
l 2． A) station     B)resources   C)supply    D)shortage
13． A) bright     B)cloudy     C)hot     D)dark
14． A) air      B)rain     C)wind    D)sunlight
15． A) layers     B)levels     C)degrees    D)points

参考答案：
第１部分：词汇选择（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1. A.  2． B． 3． B。 4. A.  5． A． 6. A．7. A． 8. B。 9． C。 10． A。
11． D. 12. C.  13. C. 14． B。 15. B.

第2部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共七分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑
1. B.  2. A.   3. C.    4. C.   5. B.   6. A.   7. C.

第３部分：概括大意与完成句子 （每题1分，共8分，　建议１０分钟以内完成）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
１．　E。  ２。　B。 ３。　A。  ４。　D。
５．F。  ６。　E。 ７。Ａ。  ８。　C。

第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分，　建议４０分钟以内完成）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Ford Abandoned Electric Vehicle　　
１．C。 ２。Ｂ。 ３。A。 ４。Ｃ  ５。D

Some things we know about language 
１．Ｃ。 ２。Ａ。 ３。Ｂ。 ４。Ｄ。 ５。Ｃ

Florida Hit by Cold Air mass　
１．Ｂ。 ２。Ｂ。　　３。　Ａ。 ４。Ｃ。 ５。Ｄ。

第五部分：补全短文（每题2分，共10分，建议在１０分钟以内完成　）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。
１．C。 ２。　B。 ３。　E。 ４。　F。 ５。　D

第6部分：完型填空
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1．B． 2．D． 3．C. 　4．A． 5． D。　6．B． 7．A．8．C． 9．A． 10．C．
11．D． 12．B。　13．A． 14．D. 15．C.