2006职称英语考试模全真拟试题综合类C级第四套

第一部分：词汇选择（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1. First editions of certain popular books cannot be obtained for love or money.
A) at any place B) at any price C) in any language D) in any country

2. The company recommended that a new petrol station（should） be built here.
A) ordered B) insisted C) suggested D) demanded

3. It hard for the young people to imagine what severe conditions their parents once lived under.
A) sincere B) hard C) strict D) tight

4. The house stands as steady as a rock in the wind.
A) continuous B) quick C) firm D) exceptional

5. You must shine your shoes.
A) lighten B) clean C) wash D) polish

6. While serving in the Senate in the early 1970s Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ban discrimination and to deal with environment problems.
A) list B) forbid C)handle D)investigate

7．A beautiful woman attended to me in that store yesterday.
A) waited on B) talked to C) spoke to D) stayed with

8. Loud noises can be annoying.
A) hateful B) painful C) horrifying D)disturbing

9. These are our motives for doing it.
A) reasons B) arguments C) targets D)pursuit

10. Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them.
A) control B) contribute C) convey D)contact

11. The example was fundamental to the argument.
A) impressive B) public C) essential D)slight

12. They are still calculating the impact of automation on the lives of factory workers.
A) affect B) influence C) pressure D)passion

13. She finally recovered herself one month after the operation on her stomach.
A) got along B) got better C) got on D)got out

14. The minister headed the committee.
A) was on the verge of B) was on the basis of
C) was at the cost of D) was in charge of

15. Her words offended me.
A) made angry B) made happy C) made excited D)made disappointed

第二部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共七分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑

Plants and Mankind

Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don't know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of "knowledge" at all.
Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away .

1. It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

2. People can not survive without plants.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

3. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

4. Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

5. Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

6. People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

7. Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 （每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing

Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known，new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences．
Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep，as well as a number of other sleep problems，than people who sleep 8 hours a night．People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers．
These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside。more than 8 hours a night．He added that“it might be a good idea'’for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this．
Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more．
For the current report，Kripke reviewed the responses of 1，004 adults to sleep questionnaires，in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they experienced any sleep problems．Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night，arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep，and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning．
KriDke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours．In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed．As evidence，he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed．“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake．”he said．

1. Paragraph 2 ___.
2. Paragraph 4___.
3. Paragraph 5___.
4. Paragraph 6___.

A. Keprike’s research tool
B. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep
C. Criticism on Kripke’s report
D. A way of overcoming insomnia
E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers
F. Classification of sleep problems

5．To get a good night’s rest，people may not need to ___.
6．Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to___.
7． One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night，unable to___.
8. One survey showed that people who habitually ___each night have a higher risk of dying．

A fall asleep again ．
B become more energetic the following day
C sleep less than 7 hours
D confirm those serious consequences
E suffer sleep problems
F sleep more than 8 hours

第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第1篇

Some things we know about language

Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain SO．But some
things we do know．
First，we know that all human beings have a language of some sort．There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language，no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one mother．Furthermore，in historical times，there has never been a race of men without a language．
Second，there is no such thing as a primitive language．There are many people whose
cultures are undeveloped，who are，as we say，uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive．In all known 1anguages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing．
This has not always been well understood；indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated．Popular ideas of the 1anguage of the American Indians will illustrate．Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises．study has proved this to be nonsense．There are，or were，hundreds of American Indian languages，and a11 of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with，but they are no more primitive five than English and Greek．
A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate．That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language．
Finally, we know that language changes．It is natural and normal for language to change；
the only languages which do not change are the dead ones．This is easy to understand if we look backward in time．Change goes on in all aspects of language．Grammatical features change as do speech sounds，and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly．Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language．
词汇：
race／n．种族
primitive／adj．原始的
uncivilized／adj．不开化的，落后的
complexity／n．复杂性，复杂现象
nonsense／n．胡说，没有根据的话
extensive／adj．广泛的
vocabulary／n．词汇

练习：
1． In the second paragraph the author thinks that
A)some backward race doesn’t have a language of its own．
B)some race in history didn’t possess a language of its own．
C)any human race，whether backward or not，has a language．
D)some races on earth call communicate without language．

2． According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have___ languages.
A)complicated
B)uncivilized
C)primitive
D)well—known

3．The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are
A)just as old as some well-known languages．
B)just as sophisticated as some well-known languages．
C)more developed than some well-known languages．
D)more complex than some well-known languages．

4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A)A language is a means of expressing a particular culture．
B)All languages can well express their respective cultures．
C)American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English．
D)Some languages are better than other languages．

5． According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in
A)grammar．
B)pronunciation．
C)vocabulary．
D)intonation．

第2篇

Stress Level Tied to Education Level

People with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior．
However, the study also found that when 1ess-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health．
From this。researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random．Ⅵr11ere you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how well you will cope with them．
The research team interviewed a national sample of 1．03 1 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health．People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days，people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time，and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time．
‘‘Less advantaged people are less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to have downward turns in their health。’”lead researcher Dr．Joseph Grzywacz，of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement．“The downward turns in health were connected with daily stressors．and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged．”
Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic．
“If something happens every day, maybe it’snot seen as a stressor”Grzywacz says．“Maybe it is just 1ife．”
词汇：
stressful adj．紧张的；压力重的
diploma n．毕业文凭，毕业证书
stressor n．紧张刺激物
devastating adj．毁灭性的
follow-up n．(对病人的)随访

1． Stress level is closely related to
A)family size．
B)social status．
C)body weight．
D)work experience．
2．The 1．03 1 adults were interviewed
A)on adaily basis for 8days．
B)during one of eight days．
C)all by Grzywacz．
D)in groups．
3． Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days?
A)People without any education．
B)People without high school degrees．
C)People with high school degrees．
D)People with college degrees．
4．The less advantaged people are，the greater
A)the impact of stress on their health is．
B)the effect of education on their health is
C)the level of their education is．
D)the degree of their health concern is．
5．Less—educated people report fewer days of stress possibly because
A)they don’t want to tell the truth．
B)they don’t want to face the truth．
C)stress is too common a factor in their life．
D their stress is more acute．

第3篇

Adaptation of Living Things

Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments.
Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the sun's energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have.
Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near.
Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its won environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.

1. Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may
A. help others of their kind get food, shelter and other things needed.
B. survive even in extremely severe conditions
C. become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind.
D. result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms.

2. In the first paragraph, the word "environments" could best be replaced by
A. contexts
B. surroundings
C. neighbors
D. enemies

3. It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird care colored
A. to frightened its enemies.
B. to attract its enemies
C. to adjust its body heat
D. to match its environment

4. Which of the following is not directly mentioned?
A. A living thing may adapt in its structure.
B. An organism may adapt in its function.
C. A living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup.
D. A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit.

5. The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to illustrate which of the following?
A. A living thing may have the ability to create an environment of its own
B. A living creature may have the ability to remain still when an enemy is near.
C. A living creature may have the ability to make food from its inorganic chemicals
D. A living creature may have the ability to change the color of its skin.

第五部分：补全短文（每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。

The first four minutes

When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, "Contact: The first four minutes," he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships: __1__. A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that.
You may have noticed that average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he as just met.__2__. If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.
When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, "People like people who like themselves."
On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his won needs, fears, and hopes.
Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to at that way."
__3__. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. "It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one."
But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honest" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.
__4__. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.
The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. __5__ that is at least as important as how much we know.

A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.
B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.
C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.
D. Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.
E. He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.
F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.
The first four minutes

第六部分：完型填空 （每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Man of Few Words

Everyone chases success，but not all of US want to be famous．
South African writer John Maxwell Coetzee is _l_ for keeping himself to himself．
When the 63-year—old was named the 2003 Nobel Prize winner for literature earlier this month, reporters were warned that they would find him “particularly difficult to _2_ ”
Coetzee lives in Australia but spends part of the year teaching at the University of Chicago. He seemed _3_ by the news he won the US$1.3 million prize．“It came as a complete surprise．I wasn’t even aware they were due to make the announcement．”he said．
His _4_ pf privacy led to doubts as to whether Coetzee will attend the prize．giving in Stockholm，Sweden，on December 10．
But despite being described as _5_ to track down，山e critics agree that his writing is easy to get to know．
Born in Cape Town，South Africa，to all English-speaking family, Coetzee _6_ his breakthrough in 1980 with the novel“Waiting for the Barbarians”．He _7_ his place among the world’S leading writers with two Booker prize victories，Britain’S highest honour for novels．He first _8_ in 1983 for the“Life and Times of Michael K”．and his second title came in 1999 for“Disgrace”．
A major theme in his work iS South Africa’s former apartheid system．which divided whites from blacks． _9_ with the problems of violence，crime and racial division that still exist in the country, his books have enabled ordinary people to understand apartheid _10_ within．
“I have always been more interested in the past than the future。”he said in a rare interview．“The past _11_ its shadow over the present．I hope I have made one or two people think _12_ about whether they want to forget the past completely．”
In fact this purity in his writing seems to be _13_ in his personal life．Coetzee is a vegetarian，a cyclist rather than a motorist and doesn’t drink alcohol．
But what he has _14_ to 1iterature，culture and the people of South Africa is far greater than the things he has given up．“In looking at weakness and failure in 1ife，”the Nobel prize judging panel said，“Coetzee’s work _15_ the divine spark in man．”
词汇：
privacy／n．独居；不受干扰的自由
barbarian／n．&adj．野蛮人(的)，残暴的人(的)
apartheid／n．种族隔离；种族隔离制
divine／adj．神圣的
panel／n．评审小组

1．A)unhappy B)well known C)busy D)worried
2．A)catch B)come across C)run into D)bump into
3．A)influenced B)affected C)moved D)shocked
4．A)1ike B)devote C)love D)attract
5．A)difficult B)easy C)ready D)eager
6．A)forced B)caused C)made D)did
7．A)kept B)listed C)took D)arranged
8．A)received B)obtained C)won D)had
9．A)Dealing B)Handling C)Solving D)Removing
10．A)in B)out C)of D)from
11．A)covers B)puts C)spreads D)casts
12．A)once B)twice C)thrice D)four times
13．A)written B)hidden C)mirrored D)stricken
14．A)contributed B)added C)attributed D)created
15．A)tells B)says C)informs D)expresses

答案及解析
第一部分：词汇选择（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1． B．分析：借助划线短语中的基本词汇含义猜测短语可能的含义为“为了钱和爱”。而这四个备选答案中只有答案B （at any price/以任何代价）在基本用词上（price）与划线短语一致，而且在句意上也合理。该句含义是“某些流行书籍的首印版是无论如何也很难得到的。”

2． C．分析：该题考察与虚拟语气相关的常见动词。 recommend是“推荐”； order是“命令”； insist是“坚持”； demand 是“要求”；suggest 是“建议”。只有suggest与recommend语义相近，所以答案为C。

3． B. 分析：借助与划线词直接相关的搭配结构含义（..情况）判断B（艰苦的）。sincere是“真诚的”； hard是“艰苦的”； strict是“严肃的”； tight是“紧的”。

4． C.分析：借助句意（这座房子在风中..如磐石）判断答案C（稳固的）。exceptional adj
特别的；异常的； continuous adj.连续的, 持续的

5． D。 分析：借助联想法。画线词shine与常见词汇sunshine（阳光）有关。又因shine 的宾语是鞋子，所以推测shine 的含义与“使鞋子光亮”有关。所以polish（擦亮）D是答案。另外：lighten是“to make or become light or brighter/减轻(负担); 缓和, 使轻松, 使愉快，（使能发光的东西）变亮”，而wash是（洗）； clean是（使干净）。

6． B．分析：借助句意（20世纪70年代初期当Barbara Jordan在参议院里任职的时候，他就支持有关禁止种族歧视和解决环境问题的立法）判断答案B（禁止）。Forbid（forbade; forbidden） vt.禁止，不准，不许；Handle vt拿；处理；应付；控制； Ban vt./n.（法律上）禁止

7．A． 分析：该句含义是“昨天在那家商店里为我服务的是一位美丽的女服务员”。attend to v. 倾听,关心, 照顾； wait on v.服侍, 招待

8． D．分析：annoying adj.恼人的, 讨厌的; Horrifying vt令人感到恐怖的; painful adj.疼痛的, 使痛苦的； disturbing adj.烦扰的

9． A．分析：借助句意（这些是我们这样做的..）判断A最合适。Motive n动机；目的; Target n.目标, 对象; 笑柄(for); argument n.争论, 辩论, 论据, 论点, ～ (for ,against); pursuit n.
追逐，追寻

10. A. 分析：根据搭配结构含义（..事件）判断A（控制）合适。该句含义是“成功的领导者是事先控制事件而不是事后才做反应”。 Contribute v.捐助, 捐献, 贡献, 投稿; convey vt.搬运, 传达; contact n.接触, 联系vt.接触, 联系

11. C. 分析：根据句意（这个例证是论据中的一个主要例证）判断C（主要的）合适。fundamental
adj.基础的, 基本的； impressive adj.给人深刻印象的； public n.公众adj.公众的, 公共的；slight adj.轻微的, 微小的

12. B. 分析：借助搭配结构“..on sth.”判断B（影响） 是答案。该句含义是“他们仍然在估测自动化对工厂工人生活的影响。”influence on../对..的影响； impact n.冲击, 影响, 效果
vt. 撞击, 压紧, 对...发生影响； impact也是通常和介词 on搭配（impact on..），含义是“对..的影响”; passion 通常和介词for搭配，表示“对..的热爱”; affect vt.影响, 感动, 侵袭; pressure n.压, 压力, 电压

13. B. 分析：借助句意（在她做了手术后的一个月以后她终于有了好转（恢复了健康））判断B（好转）最合适。get along v.生活, 融洽相处, 进展； get on v.生活, 融洽相处, 进展； get out
v.出去, 离开, 逃脱, 泄露

14． 分析：D． 借助句子的句意（这位部长..委员会. ）和被选项中的核心词含义判断D（charge
n.主管, 掌管）合适。on the verge of adv.接近于, 濒临于；on the basis of prep.以...为基础； at the cost of adv.以...为代价

15. A. 分析：该句含义是“她的话伤了我的感情。”结构“make + adj.”的含义是“使..怎样”。

第二部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共七分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑

Plants and Mankind
1． A。 该问题句说“对植物和它们的特征进行详细地研究一定是从远古开始的，这种说法是合理的。” 答案查找的线索词：a detailed learning(详细地研究)和properties(特征) 。从第一段开始查找，不难在第一段的第四行找到含有该线索词的相关句。对照原文和问题句，不难发现原文的说法与问题句的主句相符，且在原句后有“this is logical”，而this作为代词回指前句（相关句），所以答案正确。

2． A。 该问题句说“人们离开了植物不能生存。”，这句话依据常识判断应是正确的。但为了安全起见，也可用上述的方法确认答案。答案查找的线索词：survive(生存)或其近义词。不难在第一段的第五行找到相关句。对照原文和问题句，不难发现原文的说法与问题句的主句相符：原句说“植物是所有生物，甚至是其它植物的的食物金字塔的基础”，所以答案正确。
3． B。该问题句说“生活在亚马逊河丛林里的部落给他们的孩子在学校里教授植物学。”。答案查找的线索词：tribes(部落) 和Amazon(亚马逊河)（地名是典型的答案线索词） 。不难从第一段的倒数第四行找到相关句群。对照原文和问题句，不难发现原文的说法与问题句的主句不相符：原句说“他们的词汇中还没有‘植物学’这个词，甚至可能不承认‘植物学’是门专门的知识”，所以答案不正确。

4． B。该问题句说“我们直接与植物的接触随着工业革命的进程而加深。”。这句话依据常识判断应是不正确的。但为了安全起见，也可用上述的方法确认答案。答案查找的线索词：the process of industrialization(工业革命的进程)（专有名词是典型的答案线索词） 。不难在第二段的首句找到含有相关线索词（industrialized）的相关句。对照原文和问题句，不难发现原文的说法与问题句的主句不相符：原句说“工业话的程度越高，我们与植物的直接接触就越少”，所以答案不正确。

5． B。该问题句说“现在人们大部分的植物知识通常是从书本上获得。”。答案查找的线索词：Botanical knowledge (植物学知识)。不难在第二段的第三行找到含有相关句。对照原文和问题句，不难发现原文的说法与问题句的主句不相符：原句说 “人们是无意识地获取了大量的植物学知识。”，所以答案不正确。

6．A。该问题句说“大约在10，000年以前，生活在中东的人最先学会了种植农作物。”。答案查找的线索词：10，000 （数字是典型的答案线索词）。不难在第二段的第五行找到含有相关句。对照原文和问题句，不难发现原文的说法与问题句的主句相符：原句中虽然并没有使用learn to grow (学会种植) 而是用discover（发现），但在随后的一句中说 “从他们开始谷物被发现了，而且出现了农业的奇迹 --种植农业。”，所以答案正确。

7． B。该问题句说“人们一旦开始耕种就不在需要依靠野生植物来获取食物。”。这句话依据常识判断应是不正确的。但为了安全起见，也可用上述的方法确认答案。可以推测这道题的相关句应在第六题的先关句之后，原文中只是说“他们不断地从少数的弄耕作物中获取食物。”，而少数的弄耕作物据推测应并不能满足那时人们的需要，所以答案不正确。

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 （每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing
1. E： Investigators ...found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling, than...该句回应了文章的主题—睡眠时间太长不是好事；对应被选项发现只有E和F与这个内容有关系，但段落最后一句中又提到了睡眠不足的人的问题，因此判断E是答案（睡眠长和睡眠短的人所面临的睡眠问题）。
2。B．分析：段落的结构-- Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance..表明了该段的中心是讲述“长期睡眠不足的潜在危险”
3. A． 分析：对于该段落答案的选择具有一定的迷惑性，A和F容易相互成为干扰项，但由于段落中提到的“睡眠问题”是属于问卷上要回答的内容，是和Keprike的直接研究有关，所以判断A是答案。同时猜测F可能是干扰项
4. D： 段落中出现的Kripke found， Kripke noted和he added表明“Kripke的观点和态度应该是该段的中心”，对比被选项排除C（段落中没有出现批评的话语）和F（段落中没有具体提到睡眠问题的表现形式），而段落最后第2句提到了克服失眠的方法—少花时间在床上，与D呼应。
5．F．分析：根据搭配结构need to do sth.判断所有选项都在语法上合适。借助搭配句意：“为了获得晚上好的休息，人们没有必要。。”判断F（睡眠超过8小时）。
6．E．分析：借助搭配句意：“睡眠时间长的人根据报道更有可能。。”，并结合文章主题—睡眠时间长不是好事情，判断E合适。也可借助文章中的相关内容（利用题干中的Long sleepers和more likely 作为答案线索）：KriDke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours．
7． A． 分析：借助搭配句意：“其中的一个睡眠问题是在午夜醒来，不能。。”，直接判断A（再次入睡）合适。
8. C．分析：借助搭配句意：“一项调查显示那些习惯性每晚...的人有更高的死亡风险。”

第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第1篇
Some things we know about language
1．C作者在第二段中认为，任何人种不管落后与否都有语言。文中的原句是：There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language…
2．A此题的答案来自第三段。
3．B 作者例举美国印第安人的语言的目的是证明这些语言和一些著名的语言一样先进。原句是：They are certainly different from the languages that most of US are familiar with，but they are no more primitive than English and Greek．
4．D D项的说法是错误的，因为作者在文章中的观点是不同的语言没有好与坏的差别。原句参照题解3。
5． C词汇是语言中最容易发生变化的部分。文中的原句是：Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language．

第2篇
Stress Level Tied to Education Level
1． B 从文章题目便可得知，一个人的紧张程度与其受教育的程度挂钩，而受教育的程
度又直接影响一个人的社会地位。因此，文章第三段提到，一个人的社会地位决定了
其每日所面临的问题和处理这些问题的能力。由此可见，紧张程度与社会地位密切相
关。
2． A 文章第四段提到，研究人员对全国抽样的1 031名成人连续八天每天进行采访。
3． D 从文章第四段可以得知，调查对象学历越高，自己所报告的紧张天数便越多。
4． A 文章第五段提到，一个人的社会地位越低，紧张对其健康造成的危害也就越大。
5． C 文章最后两段提到，受教育程度越低者所报告紧张天数越少的原因有可能是他们
对紧张因素己司空见惯，视其为生活的一部分，而不是什么特别值得注意的。

第3篇
Adaptation of Living Things
1. C。该题的直接答案相关句是文章第一句。
2. B。surroundings 和environment是近义词，所以B正确。
3. D。该题的直接答案相关句是第3段的一句话：The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings。
4. D。文章提到了一种生命为了适应环境可以改变结构（A），功能（B）和基因构造（C），但没有说可以改变睡眠习惯。
5. A。直接答案相关句在最后一段的第3个句子。

第五部分：补全短文（每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。

The first four minutes
1. D． 分析：空格前后句中出现了代词的呼应-- this advice--- that，再结合句意判断空格处出现表意为“建议”的句子可能性最大，结合被选项的内容和用词判断D是答案。考点：语意平行结构中的观点句/概括总结句。

2. E．分析：后句中的句意在对具体细节进行描述，句子中代词this的出现，暗示前句中出现的this指代的内容。判断E是答案。考点：举例分析句/细节描述句。

3. A. 分析：空格后句中出现了代词We，而被选项中只有A和C中有代词与We呼应。但A中还有changing our social habits与空格后句中的 become accustomed to any changes在语意上呼应，所以答案是A。

4. B. 分析：前文中出现了“关于如何‘对待陌生人’的描述”，而且在下文中提到了“家庭成员（husband and wife or a parent and child）”，因此判断B是答案。

5. C. 分析：后句中的代词we在C中才有呼应的代词，而且在文章最后出现观点句是通常论述文的发展特点，因此判断C正确。考点：文章中的总结概括句/观点句。

第六部分：完型填空 （每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Man of Few Words
1． B 寻找正确的答案，常常需要借助上下文提供的信息。紧接着的句子中有这样一个短语：“particularly difficult to catch” (特别难找到他)。这第二个句子是说明第一个句子的。从中可以推出“well known”是正确的答案。“well known for keeping himself to himself”是“以与世隔绝为大家熟知”的意思。
2． A “come across”，“run into”，“bump into”在语义上都有某种“偶然性”，这是主语所指的人所无法控制的，因而这种搭配在语义上是错误的。
3． D 在对第一题做解释时，提到了上下文常常可以帮助我们做出正确的判断。紧随其后的句子是“It came as a complete surprise．”(这个奖来得很突然)。“shock”跟“surprise"意思很接近，因而“shocked”是正确的答案。
4． C 在这个空白处需要填入一个名词。只有“love”除作动词外还能作名词。
5． A “despite”引导的是一种反向的对比，主旬中有一个“easy”。那么它的反义词就是“difficult”。 ，
6． C “to make a break through”等于“to break through”，是固定的搭配。
7． C “to take one’S place”是“处于什么位置”的意思，这是固定的说法。
8． C 这个句子里没有宾语，因此需要一个不及物动词，在这四个动词中，只有“won"既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。
9．A 除了“deal”外， “handle”，“solve”和“remove”都不跟“with'，。
10．D 整个句子说的是：在处理这个国家依然存在的暴力、犯罪和种族隔离问题，他的书能使一般人从内部理解种族隔离制。“从……角度”常用“from…”。
11．D “casts its shadow”(投阴影)是“给……带来影响”的意思，是固定的说法。
12．B “tllinktwice…”相当于汉语中的“三思而后行”。正如汉语中不说“二思而后行，一样，英语中也不说“think thrice'’，这种搭配是固定的。 ． -
13．C 从紧随其后的句子来看，应填入“mirrored”。这两个句子说的是：事实上，Coetzee 作品中的这种纯洁性似乎也反映在他的个人生活之中。他是一个吃素食的人，他骑车而不开车，并且也不喝酒。
14．A 从下文“far greater than the thing she has given up”(比起他放弃的东西要多得多)来看，选择“contributed”(贡献)是对的。全旬说的是：但是，他对文学、文化、南非人民所做出的贡献比起他放弃的东西要多得多。
15．D 其他的三个选项插入后生成的都是不合格的句子。