07年职称英语考试:卫生类模拟试题（三）

一、单项选择题。
1.In order to cater for his expenses, he has to do extra work at night.
A. meet
B. reach
C. provide
D. fill
2.She felt that she was the most solitary person on earth.
A. gloomy
B. isolated
C. feeble
D. frugal
3.Herbal medicine can be used to cure sleeplessness.
A. disrupt
B. diagnose
C. evaporate
D. remedy
4.A limited number of books on this subject are in the library.
A. little
B. small
C. tiny
D. low
5.Foreign money can be converted in this bank.
A. altered
B. changed
C. bought
D. sold
6.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn east.
A. extends
B. stretches
C. broadens
D. traverses
7.We have got to abide by the rules.
A. stick to
B. persist in
C. safeguard
D. apply
8.We were shocked to find that Mary didn't know the guest's name.
A. frustrated
B. disturbed
C. relieved
D. surprised
9.They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means.
A. solve
B. determine
C. untie
D. complete
10.The use of chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers.
A. protection
B. indication
C. immunity
D. danger
11.The towers of a suspension bridge serve as a rigid framework to which the cables are attached.
A. boundary
B. skeleton
C. enclosure
D. material
12.John removed his overcoat.
A. took away
B. left aside
C. took off
D. washed off
13.Smoking is not permitted in the office.
A. probable
B. possible
C. admitted
D. allowed
14.She has proved that she can be relied on in a crisis.
A. lived on
B. depended on
C. lived off
D. believed in
15.Philip Roth was hailed as a major new author in 1960.
A. published
B. challenged
C. acclaimed
D. guided
二、综合题。
1.阅读判断：
Disease, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention
Disease may be defined as the abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is not capable of carrying on all its required functions. There are marked variations in the extent of the disease and in its effect on the person.
In order to treat a disease, the doctor obviously must first determine the nature of the illness–this is, make a diagnosis. A diagnosis is the conclusion drawn from a number of facts put together. The doctor must know the symptoms, which are the changes body function felt by the patient and the signs（also called objective symptoms） which the doctor himself can observe. Sometimes a characteristic group of signs（or symptoms）accompanied a given disease. Such a group is called a syndrome. Frequently certain laboratory tests are performed and the results evaluated by the physician in making his diagnosis.
Although nurses do not diagnose, they play an extremely valuable role in this process by observing closely for signs, encouraging the patient to talk about himself and his symptoms, and then reporting this information to the doctor. Once the patience's disorder is known, the doctor prescribes a course of treatment, also referred to as therapy. Many measures in this course of treatment are carried out by the nurse under the physician's orders.
In recent years physicians, nurses and other health workers have taken on increasing responsibilities in prevention. Throughout most of medical history, the physician's aim has been to cure a patient of an existing disease. However, the modern concept of prevention seeks to stop disease before it actually happens - to keep people well through the promotion of health. A vast number of organizations exist for this purpose, ranging from the World Health Organization （WHO） on an international level down to local private and community health programs. A rapidly growing responsibility of the nursing profession is educating individual patients toward the maintenance of total health–physical and mental.
16. By disease it meant the condition in which one or more parts of the body fail to function properly.
a. Right b. Wrong c. Not mentioned
17. A syndrome refers to a complex of signs and/or symptoms typical of a specific disease.
a. Right b. Wrong c. Not mentioned
18. The diagnostic aids are indispensable in any case for a physician to diagnose a disease.
a. Right b. Wrong c. Not mentioned
19. Because nurses can observe patients closely, they have at the authority to deal with any critical condition happening to patients.
a. Right b. Wrong c. Not mentioned
20. Modern medicine attaches much more importance to disease prevention than traditional medicine.
a. Right b. Wrong c. Not mentioned
21. An effective system of disease prevention and treatment has been established in every country all over the world.
a. Right b. Wrong c. Not mentioned
22. Generally speaking, the physician is more willing to treat patients' physical disease than their mental illness.
a. Right b. Wrong c. Not mentioned2.概括大意与完成句子：
The molecules of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere affect the heat balance of the Earth by acting as a one-way screen. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength infrared emissions radiated from the Earth's surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space. For the Earth's surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space. For the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature, such emissions from the planet must balance incoming solar radiation. If there were no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat would escape from the Earth much more easily. The surface temperature would be so much lower that the oceans might be a solid mass of ice.
Today, however, the potential problem is too much carbon dioxide. The burning of fossil fuels and the clearing of the forests have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide by about 15 percent in the 1st hundred years, and we continue to add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Could the increase in carbon dioxide cause a global rise in average temperature and could such a rise have serious consequences for human society? Mathematical models that allow us to calculate the rise in temperature as a function of the increase indicate that the answer is probably yes.
Under present conditions a temperature can be observed at an altitude of 5 to 6 kilometers above the Earth. Below this altitude （called the radiating level）, the temperature increases by about per kilometer approaching the Earth's surface, where the average temperature is bout. An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide means that there are more molecules of carbon dioxide to absorb infrared radiation. As the capacity of the atmosphere to absorb infrared radiation increase, the radiating level and the temperature of the surface must rise.
One mathematical model predicts that doubling the atmospheric carbon dioxide would raise the global mean surface temperature. This model assumes that the atmosphere's relative humidity remains constant and the temperature decreases with altitude at a rate of per kilometer.
The assumption of constant relative humidity is important, because water vapor in the atmosphere is another efficient absorber of radiation at infrared wavelengths. Because warm air can hold more moisture than cool air, the relative humidity will be constant only if the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases as the temperature rises. Therefore, more infrared radiation would be adsorbed and reradiated back to the Earth's surface. The resultant warming at the surface could be expected to melt snow and ice, reducing the Earth's reflectivity. More solar radiation would then be absorbed, leading to a further increase in temperature.
23. Paragraph 1 ______
24. Paragraph 3 ______
25. Paragraph 4 ______
26. Paragraph 5 ______
A. The prediction of the model
B. The influence on temperature
C. The effect of carbon dioxide
D. The potential problem
E. The import of the assumption
F. The serious consequences
27. Nowadays, too much carbon dioxide ______.
28. The radiating level and the temperature of the surface must rise because of _____.
29. Only if the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases as the temperature rises, the atmosphere's relative humidity ______.
30. An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide means that there are more molecules of carbon dioxide ______.
A. will be constant
B. to absorb infrared radiation
C. is becoming the potential problem
D. prepare ourselves to be chemists, physicist
E. increasing capacity of the atmosphere to absorb infrared radiation
F. escape from the earth much more easily
3.阅读理解：
Sleep Loss and Its Effects
Mental fatigue can be as threatening as a heart attack. Recent evidence indicates that sleepiness is a leading cause of traffic and industrial accidents. “Human error causes between 60% and 90% of all workplace accidents, depending on the type of job,” observes biological psychologist David Dinges of the University of Pennsylvania. “And inadequate sleep is a major factor in human error” , other research suggests that sleep loss contributes to everything from drug abuse to poor grades in school.
A typical adult needs about eight hours of shut-eye a night to function effectively. By that standard, million of Americans are for a long time sleep deprived, trying to get by on six hours or even less. In many household cheating on sleep has become an unconscious and harmful habit. “In its mid form, it's watching Ted Koppel and going to bed late and then getting up early to get to the gym,” says Cornell's Pollak. In extreme cases people stay up most of the night, seeing how little sleep will keep them going. They try to compensate by sleeping late on weekends, but that makes up for only part of the shortfall. Over the months and years, some researchers believe, the imbalance builds up and the effects accumulate. “Most Americans no longer know what it feels like to the fully alert,” contends Dr. William Dement, director of Stanford University's Sleep Center. They go through the day in a sort of twilight zone; the eyes may be wade open, but the brain is partly shut down.
Single parent Dianna Bennett, 43, works as a nurse at a correctional facility in Gardner, Mass. To be able to spend time with her three children during the day, she works the night shift, a schedule that usually allows her no more than four hours of sleep, “My kids tell me I am always tired.” She says. Amy Schwartzman, 35, a law student at Yale University, gets up at 9 a.m. and then, she attends classes and simulated court and work as a research assistant, often does not get home until 10 p.m. Nights of throwing into bed at 3 a.m. makes her feel “as if my brain isn't moving as quickly as it should be.” Noting that the circles under her eyes keep getting darker, “My mother told me I look like a raccoon.” Says Schwartzman.