Lesson 3 Matterhorn man 马特霍恩山区人[笔记]-第四册笔记新版

Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal--the top!
It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could--sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheesemakers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at Home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.

New words and expressions 生词短语
1、 alpinist(1.1)/'$lpinist/n．登山运动员
词根：alp-
climber mountaineer
Alps(1.16)/$lps/ n．阿尔卑斯山脉 Alpine(1.9)/$lpain/adj．阿尔卑斯山的
2、 attain(1.4)/+'tein/ v．到达
to get to
to arrive at/in
to attain one’s goal=realize
attain youth 永葆青春
to attain the top/peak/summit 达到顶点
attainment (n) attainments 成就 accomplishment
3、perilous(1.5)/'peril+s/adj．危险的 peril
（随时可能出现的）危险
avalanche 雪崩
4、shudder (1.5)/'M)d+/ v．不寒而栗
shudder:quick and sudden
tremble:long and very obvious
5、 go out of one’s way
专门 by the way 顺路 too much for me 受不起
6、 court （multiple meanings 多义词）
朝廷朝臣 courtier
courteous 彬彬有礼的
法庭
娱乐场 足球场 soccer/football court 高尔夫球场 golf court
追求
招致骄兵必败 pride courts failure
sol-独
solo 独唱
独奏
7、 solitary(1.6)/'s&lrt+ri/adj．唯一的
solitude 孤独
I live in solitude.=I live a lonely life.
8、 pioneer(1.2)/?pai+'n+/ v．开辟，倡导；n．先锋，开辟者
9、 impoverish(11.9-10)/$m'p&v+rM/v．使贫困
poor（口语词）
complete
罗素名言：A great many man will cheerfully face inpoverishment if they can secure
ruin for their rival,hence present level of taxation.
许多人会高兴的面对贫困，如果他们能使对手落魄，因此出现了现在的税收水平。
10、coarse(1.12)/k&:s/adj．粗劣的
coarse throat 嗓子哑
sore throat
coarse fare
嗓子发炎
粗粮
refined fair 细粮
coarse and refined
in a coarse manner 粗暴无礼
用法：以人作主语，夸耀；以物作主语，拥有
11、boast(1.12)/b+ust/v．自恃有
He boasted that of his knowledge.
The center boasts a team of high qualify(qualified researchers.)
12、parishioner(1.13)/p+riM+n+/n．教区居民
13、shepherd(1.14)/'Mep+d/n．牧羊人
14、linen(1.15)/'linin/n．亚麻布床单
parish 教区
羊 herd
兽群
sheep shep

Notes on the text 课文注释
1、Route 路线 Road道路
2、good sports :stimulus 刺激thrilling 震撼、兴奋
3、regardregard sb with sth(感情词 love /hatred/horror/respect)
    Dad, I regard you with horror.爸爸，我很害怕你。
4、pineering days, ancient (先人时期)
5、not at all 根本不 case 这回事
6、be doing 表达当时的行动（状态）
7、top:顶点 summit 山顶peak 山顶
    The scenery is at the peak of the mountain.无限风光在险峰。
    I am at the top of the world.我在世界之巅。Summit meeting 峰会
8、 attain 到达 conquer 征服
9、be of the most perilous naturenature 特点、特性
    the most perilous difficulties and dangers
    学会 be of the + adj+noun 结构 He is the kindest man. =He is the man of the kindest man.
10、equipped 表示当时的一种伴随。
11、in a manner 以这样的方式
12、make sb do sth (省 to 结构)
13、at the thought 一想到 ，mention 一提到,idea 一想到
       这个结构后面加介词 of 原文即 at the thought of their poor equipment
14、go out of one’s way 刻意intentionally eye catching 引人注目的
15、the real living conditions 真实生存状况
16、nowadays 插入语，现在回想起来，可在句首、句末
17、except for 把其中的一部分扣除
18、tend to be 倾向于
19、settlement 生存地、驻扎地
20、cut off=which are cut off
21、flea ridden 跳蚤
22、as they were 可以这么说，插入语 还有 as it were
    This book is , as it were, his life portrait.这本书，可是说，是他的人生写照。
23、local 当地的
24、wine 低度酒 alcohol 酒精 alcoholic 酒鬼
25、boast 拥有 priest 牧师shepherd 牧羊人 invariably=all the same
26、dirt and poverty， and very uncomfortable （结构不符合习惯，不可学）
27、course 一道菜
28、must have been 表推测
29、be accustomed to ,be used to + 名词、动名词
    I am used to the life in Bejing.I am used to living in Bejing.
30、早餐：scratch a meal 中午餐：snack 快餐 晚餐：dinner
31、the change to
Education brings great change to his outlook/view on life.
教育使他的面貌（对生活的看法）产生了很大变化。