Lesson 17 Learning to Live 学会生活[笔记]-第四册笔记新版

The fact that we are not sure what 'intelligence' is, nor what is passed on, does not prevent us from finding it a very useful working concept, and placing a certain amount of reliance on tests which 'measure' it.
In an intelligence test we take a sample of an individual's ability to solve puzzles and problems of various kinds, and if we have taken a representative sample it will allow us to predict successfully the level of performance he will reach in a wide variety of occupations.
This became of particular importance when, as a result of the 1944 Education Act, secondary schooling for all became law, and grammar schools, with the exception of a small number of independent foundation schools, became available to the whole population. Since the number of grammar schools in the countrycould accommodate at most approximately 25 per cent of the total child population of eleven-plus, some kind of selection had to be made. Narrowly academic
examinations and tests were felt, quite rightly, to be heavily weighted in favour of children who had had the advantage of highly-academic primary schools and academically biased Homes. Intelligence tests were devised to counteract this narrow specialization, by introducing problems which were not based on specifically scholastically-acquired knowledge. The intelligence test is an attempt to assess the general ability of any child to think, reason, judge, analyse and syntiesize by presenting him with situations, both verbal and practical, which arewithin his range of competence and understanding.

New words and expressions 生词短语

intelligence 智力 intelligent cute intellectual a.智力的 n.知识分子
pass on 衡量
(1)He passes on(=pass away=die)委婉语
(2)衡量 judge:to pass on 如:to pass on one's intelligence
(3)pass for 被认为 不能用被动,只能用主动
(4)pass 过了 pass grade
reliance 信赖,依靠
(1)rely=depend He relies on his parents.(parasite:寄生虫)(drag:负担)
(2)reliant reliable 值得信赖的 self-reliant 自力更生(=self-dependent)
working 起作用的
pill:药丸 dose:剂 Dose is working. efficient:指人效率很高,做事麻利 effective 有效果的
The pill does.
a wide variety 各种各样
a wide variety of goods . various variant：变化的 variantion 变化 very colored/formed
mult- multifunctional multinational multilateral talks bilateral：双边会谈
as a result of 由于…结果
As a result of his good performance, he got pay rise. Pay cut 减薪
consequence in result 后面一定不能出现 of
He performed well; in result he got a pay rise.in consequence
act 法案
pass bill motion pay bills act：第 1 幕 ，第 1 场 Today we got an act of got.
He always put on an act.摆谱
foundation 基金 Peking Normal University 北京师范大学 missionary
available 可用的
Is water available? 有水喝吗？ Are you available?
Are you available for a chat?Is your bicycle available?
avail I avail myself of this opportunity to apply for this vacancy.
avail myself of 利用…的机会
make use of ；take advantage of
accommodate 容纳
The hall can accommodate 600 people. accommodate oneself to 适应
accommodating accommodation：住所 boarding and lodging
at most 最多 at least
counteract 抵消
counteractclockwise 逆时针转 counterintelligence 反情报 counterrevolution neutralize
act against
specialization 专门化
specialize speciality majorI specialize in chemistry.specialization 专业化
synthesize 综合 sympathy syndrome 并发症 synchronize 同步分
verbal 文字的oral 口头 verbal expression ;oral expression
competence 能力
competent incompetent 没有能力的 performance 实际的行为
Notes on the text 课文注释
British education system 第 1 段只有一句话 主语-the fact 谓语-does not prevent us 同位语
从句 nor：否定连接 passed on：衡量 useful ,working 两个词相近 placing 和 finding 并列
place….on….放置…..在上面=put reliance 依赖
引号里表示抽象的东西
superior inferior
even though we are not sure ….is，nor what is passed on….,and placing…文中更为高级
even though he stole,I find him a kind hearted man.
The fact that he stole,does not prevent me from finding him a kind hearted man.
tests 第 1 段形成文章的主题。
sample：样品，受试者 subjects puzzle 拼字游戏
of various kinds- various kinds of puzzles and problems
ability toability in 后面跟名词ability to：不定式

photograph He has ability to take a photos.ability in photography
have taken 主句是将来时 一般都用 if we take第一个动词：take 第二个动词：allow
如果一个写作者要强调两个动词的先后顺序，就可以用完成时替代
if I master English,I will go abroad. I have master……
predict：预测he will reach—后置定语occupation：职业representative
make full use of his ability 人尽其才potential
it will allow us ：我们就会，我们能够it—test 客观性
we can—主体在“我”，主观性强
科普性文章一般用 passiveWe can obtain the results. The results are obtained.
became ofbecame：系动词 be of importance
secondary schooling 中学教育
谓语：became availableexcept
主题一定是围绕“intelligence”开始
secondary schooling ：12-18 岁higher education：19-23 岁
elementaryhigh school：junior high school, senior high school
nine year compulsory educationhigh taxall free
compulsory courses ：必修课optional/selective courses
grammar schools：文法学校technical schools：技校
since:由于 accommodate:容纳 approximately:about
test eleven-plus:11 岁以上selection:选拔制度
Narrowly:狭隘的academic—只侧重书面考试
quite rightly:有理由认为 heavily weighted
highly-academic 高度学术性的学校test oriented 应试教育
academically biased Homesbiased:偏 侧重于
scholal:学者 ，学术scholastically biased Homes :书香门第
My mom is biased toward my sister.
were felt to be :被人们感觉到
The weather is felt to be uncomfortable.强调感受
intelligence testsdevised :被设计 specialization:专业化
intelligence tests 侧重 universal ability应试的方向问题
assess:评估的意思 general ability:综合能力 random:随意
progressive:递进 gravity 重力
think:思想-----reason:推理-----judge:判断-----analyse:分析-----synthesize:综合
更侧重于 practical
连缀，两个以上如果做名词修饰，可以置后连缀词可以做后置定语
complementary:互补question:质问
西方教育强调 free talk第 1 段做为重点
ability to solve puzzles and problems of various kinds
have takenit will allow us
This became of particular importance 系表结构+of 结构
grammar schoolbecame available toeleven-plus
were felt…...to be heavily weighted in favour of ……
highly-academic academically biased
scholastically-acquired think,reason,judge,analyse,synthesize