2015年职称英语理工类补全短文模拟习题及答案（6）

Dung to Death

　　Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant “superbugs”.2

　　The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm slurry. ____1____

　　Some 20,000 tons of antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. ____2____

　　Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating contaminated meat3. But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology m Dubendorf. ____3____

　　With millions of tons of animals manure spread onto fields of crops such as wheat and barley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance,4 he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten. ____4____

　　Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. ____5____ His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a high percentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs. This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria.5 But vets are not treating the issue seriously.

　　There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted unchanged and are not broken down by conventional sewage treatment.  

　　练习：

　　A　They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water.

　　B　And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistar.t to antibiotics, he says.

　　C　Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.

　　D　But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.

　　E　His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed.

　　F　They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.

　　答案与题解：

　　1.E　本句中包含he这个代词，故上文中必定有它的先行词，his findings又表明此人应该是从事科研工作的，句中又提到Switzerland，考虑这种种因素，填入E是正确的。

　　2.D　前两句讲的是抗生素在欧洲和美国的大量使用，D项讲的是由此导致的不良后果，接上去是最合理不过的。But明确地表明了这一转折。

　　3.B　选项B中有两处提示，一是本句结尾处的he says，说明上文中必提到一个被引用的人;二是句首的And，这个词表明，这句的内容可能是前一句的延续。前一句引的S. Mueller说的话，讲到在肥料中滞留的药物比肉类产品中的多得多。这句话则继续引用Mueller的话，进一步说肥料中对抗生素有抗药性的病菌含量特别高。

　　4.F　选项F中的also一词说明前面应讲到过类似的内容。这句讲的是这些药物可能从施过肥料的农田下面的岩石沥滤到自来水里去;前面一句讲的是受到这些药物污染的谷物被人食用，这两句讲的都是这些药物如何对人类造成威胁。

　　5.A　选项A中的主语They提示我们应该寻找一个复数的先行词，根据句子的意思：……既不衰减又不溶于水，这个they指的不是人而是物，我们在上一句里找到sulphonamides这个复数形式的名词，从意思上看也合适。