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2016年职称英语理工类概括大意专项练习（1）

2016-06-07来源:和谐英语

　　Maglev Trains

　　1　A few countries are using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains, called maglev trains. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation 1 , which means that these trains float over a guide way using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheel and track trains.

　　2 If you've ever played with magnets, you know that opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other2. This is the basic principle behind electromagnetic propulsion. Electromagnets are similar to other magnets in that they attract metal objects, but the magnetic pull is temporary. You can easily create a small electromagnet yourself by connecting the ends of a copper wire to the positive and negative ends of an AA-cell battery3. This creates a small magnetic field. If you disconnect either end of the wire from the battery, the magnetic field is taken away.

　　3　The magnetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind a　maglev train rail system. There are three components to this system: A large electrical power　source, metal coils lining a guide way or track, and large guidance magnets attached to the　underside of the train.

　　4　The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine -- at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks4. The engine for maglev trains is rather innoticeable. Instead of using fossil fuels, the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combines to propel the trains5.

　　5　The magnetized coil running along the track, called a guideway, repels the large magnets on the train's undercarriage, allowing the train to levitate between 1 to 10 cm above the guideway. Once the train is levitated, power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push~ th train along the guideway. The electric current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity of the magnetized coils. This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust.

　　6　Maglev trains float on a cushion of air', eliminating friction. This lack of friction allows these trains to reach uNPRecedented ground transportation speeds of more than 500 kph, or twice as fast as the fastest conventional train. At 500 kph, you could travel from Paris to Rome in just over two hours.

　　词汇：

　　Levitate v. 悬浮 electrified v. 使带电

　　Levitation n. 悬浮 magnetize v. 使带磁

　　guideway n. 导向槽 line v.排列成行

　　propelb vt. 推进 underside n.下侧，下面

　　propulsion n. 推进 undercarriage n. 车盘

　　注释:

　　1. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation :maglev 是 magnetic levitation 的缩略词。

　　2. opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other: 异极相吸，同极相斥

　　3. AA-cell battery:5号电池

　　4. at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks: 至少不是沿着轨道拉动典型的火车车厢的那种发动机。

　　5. the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combine to propel the train: 由嵌入导向壁内的电磁线圈产生的磁场加上轨道，一起推动火车前进。The magnetic field 和 the track 是句子主语，created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls 是过去分词短语，用作定语，修饰the magnetic field.

　　练习:

　　1. Paragraph 3

　　2. Paragraph 4

　　3. Paragraph 5

　　4. Paragraph 6

　　A The Main Components of the Maglev Train System

　　B High-speed Maglev due to Zero Friction

　　C The Working Principle of the Maglev Train

　　D Differences between Polarity and Magnetic Field

　　E Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional Ones

　　F Maglev with a Powerful Motor

　　5. Several countries in the world are using strong electromagnets