全国职称英语考试综合类AB级课堂笔记:阅读判断第3讲

答案及解析：
1．文章主题分析：The First Settlement in North America
It is very difficult to say just when colonization （殖民地）began．The first hundred years after Christopher Columbus’s journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce（any settlement (居民点)on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south，
Rather: adv.宁可, 更愿意地, 更确切地；更精确地, 相当地
I'd rather go to the movies.我宁愿去看电影
He's my friend, or rather he was my friend.
他是我的朋友，不过更确切地说，他曾经是我的朋友
rather cold.相当寒冷
 
2. 直接解题：
1．We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century．
A．right    B．Wrong    C．Not mentioned

B．分析：文章第一句的含义（很难说出殖民运动开始于什么时候）正好与该句的句意矛盾。所以答案为B。
for sure adv.确实
 
2．Among the early settlers in South America in the 16th century were Spanish traders．
A．right    B．Wrong    C．Not mentioned

A．分析：题干中出现的细节信息较多，因此考虑把题干中的信息进行划分：划分成2层： the early settlers in South America in the 16th century +  were Spanish traders （= 　Spanish traders are among the early settlers），并利用题干中出现的特征信息： in the 16th century作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
　　It is very difficult to say just when colonization began．The first hundred years after Christopher Columbus’s journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south（从该结构内容可以推出题干中的第1层和第2层信息），a great interest in gold and adventure，and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part．
 
3．  With John Cabot’s arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497,the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America．
A．right    B．Wrong    C．Not mentioned

 
4．There were eighteen people on board the Matthew during its voyage to North America in 1497．
A．right    B．Wrong    C．NOt mentioned

B．分析：题干中出现的细节信息较多，因此考虑把题干中的信息进行划分：划分成2层：There were eighteen people on board the Matthew +  during its voyage to North America in 1497, 并利用题干中出现的特征信息：eighteen people, he Matthew和 in 1497作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
　　John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice，was established as a trader in Bristol，England, when he made a journey in 1497(根据该结构不能判断信息2是否正确)．But his ship, the Matthew，with its crew of eighteen（该结构揭示的含义是“有18名水手”与信息1中提到的“船上有18人”不一致，因为肯定John Cabot本人也在船上）, did no more than see an island (probably off the New England coast)and return home．He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic ...
 
5．The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s．
A．Right    B．Wrong    C．Not mentioned

A．分析：题干中出现的细节信息较多，因此考虑把题干中的信息进行划分：划分成2层：The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America + （The first attempt）occurred in the 1580s，并利用题干中出现的特征信息：1580s 和European people 作为答案线索，并注意题干中的修饰词first 和permanently，这样发现答案相关句：
　　The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America were nearly a hundred years after Columbus’s first voyage（Christopher Columbus’s journey of discovery in 1492）（该句内容基本上与信息1和信息2的内容一致，但信息1中提到的“欧洲人试图定居下来的尝试”在该句中找不到相关内容）．The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England，calling it Virginia．In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island，but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake，in 1587．（这些划线句反映的内容都是英国人（欧洲人）（（爵士） Walter Raleigh）带领下的登陆定居尝试。）因此，可见题干中所反映的内容在文章中都有呼应，因此判断该题的答案是正确。
 
6．The name Virginia was given to North America by Sir Walter Raleigh．    ．
A．Right    B．Wrong    C．Not mentioned

A．分析：该句内容较单一，因此直接看成1层信息。利用题干中出现的特征词Virginia和Sir Walter Raleigh作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：
　　A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590．
The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginia companies，a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol..
文章结尾处没有出现题干中的另一个核心词，因此回头看前文，这样发现直接答案相关句：
（第2段）The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England，calling it Virginia该句句意与题干内容完全一致，因此判断该题的说法正确。
 
7．The name New England was given to the northern area of North America by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies．
A．Right    B．Wrong    C．Not mentioned

C．分析：题干中出现的细节信息较多，因此考虑把题干中的信息进行划分：划分成2层：The name New England was given to the northern area of North America + （given）by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies，利用题干中出现的特征词New England和 two Virginia companies作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
　　English capitalists founded two Virginia companies，a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol．It was decided to give the name New England to the northern area．(根据该句句意不能判断出信息2中提到的“由两家维吉尼亚公司中的命名”是否正确。)，因此判断该问题句的说法为“没提到”。
The first settlers in Virginia were little more than wage slaves’to the company．..