2011年职称英语考试卫生A模拟试题二
2011-02-24来源:和谐英语
20、
Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost
Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially when they come in the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS) 1 not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged.
The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body. 2 The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.
In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel health. “The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch,” said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona3, Spain.
Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch—starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)4
Immunology expert Lena Ohman’s team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut, which support the hypothesis of IBS being at least partially an inflammatory disorder. She says the decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet of resistant starch may be worth trying in IBS patients. Ohman is currently at the Department of Internal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden5. The study is published in the journal Chemistry and Industry, the magazine of the SCI6.
词汇：
boost/bu:st/vt.提高，举起.
bowel/5bauEl/n.(常用复数)肠
salad/5sAlEd/n.色拉
Spain/spein/n.西班牙
starch/stB:tF/n.淀粉
leucocyte/5lju:kE7sait/n.白细胞
lymphocyte/5limfEsait/n.淋巴细胞
inflammation/7inflE5meiFEn/n.炎，炎症;发炎部位
down-regulation n.下调，向下调节
Spanish/5spAniF/adj.西班牙的
indicative/in5dikEtiv/adj.指示性的;象征性的;预示性的
density/5densiti/n.密度
apoptosm//n.细胞凋亡(细胞的自然死亡)
simulate/5simjuleit/vt.模仿，模拟
resistant/ri5zistEnt/adj.有抵抗力的;耐久的
Barcelona/7bB:si5lEunE/n.巴塞罗那(西班牙港市)
legume/5le^ju:m/n.豆，(豆)荚
pasta/5pB:stE/n.意大利面食
cereal/5siEriEl/n.(常用复数)(作为主粮的)谷物类
digest/di5dVest; dai5dVest/v.消化
intestine/in5testin/n. (常用复数)肠
shunt/FQnt/v.(使)分流
ferment/5fE:mEnt/v.(使)发酵
immunology/7imju5nClEdV i/n.免疫学
peripheral/pE5rifErEl/adj.周围的;表面的
gut/^Qt/n.肠
hypothesis/hai5pCWisis/n.(学说的)假设，假定
inflammatory/in5flAmEtEri/adj.发炎的，炎性的
注释：
1.raw potato starch(RPS)：未经加下的土豆淀粉
2.The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect，agenerally more healthy body.西班牙研究者们所观察到的全身性调白血球水平的作用意味着未经加千的土豆淀粉是具有全面的有益的作用的，也就是总的来说身体是更加健康。
3.Universitat Autonoma dc Barcelona是西班牙一个少数民族语——加泰隆语，意为“巴塞罗那自治大学”。这是该大学的原名。
4.irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)：肠易激综合征
5.Department of Internal Medicine，Goteborg University，Sweden：瑞典哥德堡大学内科医学系
6.SCI(Science Citation Index)：科学引文索引。美国科学信息研究所1961年创办出版的引文数据库。
练习：
1. What form of potato is the most nutrient to the human body?
A Potato soup.
B Potato cake.
C Potato salad.
D Hot boiled potato.
2. What does the reduction in leucocyte levels in the body mean?
A It may mean the reduced levels of inflammation.
B It may mean somewhere in the body is inflamed.
C It means that the body is challenged.
D It means that the body cannot produce leucocytes any more.
3. For what a purpose did the researchers use raw potato starch in their experiment?
A They warned to observe how the leucocyte levels reduced in the experimental pigs.
B They wanted to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch.
C They wanted to see how much potato an experimental pig ate every day.
D They wanted to see how much body weight each experimental pig gained in the end.
4. All of the following foods are rich in resistant starch EXCEPT
A pasta
B grains
C legumes
D vegetables
5. What a kind of starch is resistant starch after all?
A It may cause irritable bowel syndrome.
B It may bring about at least partially inflammatory disorder.
C It may raise leucocyte and lymphocyte levels in the body.
D It cannot be digested in the small intestine and ferments in the large intestine.
1、 A B C D
2、 A B C D
3、 A B C D
4、 A B C D
5、 A B C D
标准答案： C,A,B,D,D
本题分数： 15.00 分，你答题的情况为 错误 所以你的得分为 .00 分
Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost
Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially when they come in the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS) 1 not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged.
The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body. 2 The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.
In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel health. “The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch,” said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona3, Spain.
Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch—starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)4
Immunology expert Lena Ohman’s team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut, which support the hypothesis of IBS being at least partially an inflammatory disorder. She says the decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet of resistant starch may be worth trying in IBS patients. Ohman is currently at the Department of Internal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden5. The study is published in the journal Chemistry and Industry, the magazine of the SCI6.
词汇：
boost/bu:st/vt.提高，举起.
bowel/5bauEl/n.(常用复数)肠
salad/5sAlEd/n.色拉
Spain/spein/n.西班牙
starch/stB:tF/n.淀粉
leucocyte/5lju:kE7sait/n.白细胞
lymphocyte/5limfEsait/n.淋巴细胞
inflammation/7inflE5meiFEn/n.炎，炎症;发炎部位
down-regulation n.下调，向下调节
Spanish/5spAniF/adj.西班牙的
indicative/in5dikEtiv/adj.指示性的;象征性的;预示性的
density/5densiti/n.密度
apoptosm//n.细胞凋亡(细胞的自然死亡)
simulate/5simjuleit/vt.模仿，模拟
resistant/ri5zistEnt/adj.有抵抗力的;耐久的
Barcelona/7bB:si5lEunE/n.巴塞罗那(西班牙港市)
legume/5le^ju:m/n.豆，(豆)荚
pasta/5pB:stE/n.意大利面食
cereal/5siEriEl/n.(常用复数)(作为主粮的)谷物类
digest/di5dVest; dai5dVest/v.消化
intestine/in5testin/n. (常用复数)肠
shunt/FQnt/v.(使)分流
ferment/5fE:mEnt/v.(使)发酵
immunology/7imju5nClEdV i/n.免疫学
peripheral/pE5rifErEl/adj.周围的;表面的
gut/^Qt/n.肠
hypothesis/hai5pCWisis/n.(学说的)假设，假定
inflammatory/in5flAmEtEri/adj.发炎的，炎性的
注释：
1.raw potato starch(RPS)：未经加下的土豆淀粉
2.The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect，agenerally more healthy body.西班牙研究者们所观察到的全身性调白血球水平的作用意味着未经加千的土豆淀粉是具有全面的有益的作用的，也就是总的来说身体是更加健康。
3.Universitat Autonoma dc Barcelona是西班牙一个少数民族语——加泰隆语，意为“巴塞罗那自治大学”。这是该大学的原名。
4.irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)：肠易激综合征
5.Department of Internal Medicine，Goteborg University，Sweden：瑞典哥德堡大学内科医学系
6.SCI(Science Citation Index)：科学引文索引。美国科学信息研究所1961年创办出版的引文数据库。
练习：
1. What form of potato is the most nutrient to the human body?
A Potato soup.
B Potato cake.
C Potato salad.
D Hot boiled potato.
2. What does the reduction in leucocyte levels in the body mean?
A It may mean the reduced levels of inflammation.
B It may mean somewhere in the body is inflamed.
C It means that the body is challenged.
D It means that the body cannot produce leucocytes any more.
3. For what a purpose did the researchers use raw potato starch in their experiment?
A They warned to observe how the leucocyte levels reduced in the experimental pigs.
B They wanted to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch.
C They wanted to see how much potato an experimental pig ate every day.
D They wanted to see how much body weight each experimental pig gained in the end.
4. All of the following foods are rich in resistant starch EXCEPT
A pasta
B grains
C legumes
D vegetables
5. What a kind of starch is resistant starch after all?
A It may cause irritable bowel syndrome.
B It may bring about at least partially inflammatory disorder.
C It may raise leucocyte and lymphocyte levels in the body.
D It cannot be digested in the small intestine and ferments in the large intestine.
1、 A B C D
2、 A B C D
3、 A B C D
4、 A B C D
5、 A B C D
标准答案： C,A,B,D,D
本题分数： 15.00 分，你答题的情况为 错误 所以你的得分为 .00 分
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