2014年职称英语考试卫生类B级模拟试题四
2014-03-05来源:和谐英语
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
31、 Making Light of Sleep
All we have a clock located inside our brains．Similar to your bedside alarm clock，your internal clock runs on a 24-hour cycle．This cycle，called a circadian(昼夜节奏的，生理节奏的)rhythm，helps control when you wake，when you eat and when you sleep．
Somewhere around puberty(青春期)，something happens in the timing of the biological clock．The clock pushes forward，so adolescents(青少年的)and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used t0．When your mother tells you it’s time for bed，your body may be pushing you to stay up for several hours more．And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later．
This shift is natural for teenagers．But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body’s clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark．It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems，too．Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud when they don’t get enough sleep，says Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence，Rl 7．It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn．
But just like your alarm clock，your internal clock can be reset．In fact，it automatically resets itself every day．How?By using the light it gets through your eyes．
Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks．For years，researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body’s clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see．
But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems．One system allows us to see．The second system tells our body whether it’s day or night．
根据以上内容，回答31-45题。
The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because______.
A．it controls when we wake，when we eat and when we sleep
B．it has a cycle of 24 hours
C．it is a cycle also called circadian rhythm
D．it can alarm any time during 24 hours
32、What is implied in the second paragraph?
A．Young child ren’s biological clock has the same rhythm with that of the teenagers．
B．People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the change of the biological clock．
C．Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents．
D．Teenagers go to bed later than they used to due to the light from the computer Screen．
33、In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader that______．
A．it is natural for teenagers to stay up late and get up late
B．staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers’ability to think and learn
C．during puberty most teenagers experience a kind of gray cloud
D．it is hard for teenagers to get out of bed in the morning
34、Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?
A．Our biological clock resets itself automatically．
B．light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock．
C．Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically．
D．Our internal clock,like the alarm clock，can be reset．
35、According to the last two paragraphs，what did the previous researchers think about the human eye’s light—sensing system?
A．The human eye had two light—sensing systems．
B．The human eye had one light—sensing system．
C．The human eye could sense the light of day more quickly than the dark of night．
D．The human eye could reset our internal clocks in accordance with the alarm clocks
36、 Walking to Exercise the Brain
Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades?Think again． Getting some exercise may help，too．
New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn’t exercise．
Previous research had shown that mice learn，remember，and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel．Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don’t．Their brain cells also make more connections．
Neuroscientists from the University at Urbana—-Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true for people．First，they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults，ages 58 to 77， after each person walked 1 mile．Then，participants looked at arrows on a computer screen and had to use computer keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing．
Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task，and their answers were just as ac curate as their less—fit peers．the researchers found．The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions．
In a second study，15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training course were faster at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning exercises for the same amount of time．
So，even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days for just 10 to 45 minutes can help．That should be good news for your grandparents．
The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven’t been studied yet．Still，it can’t hurt to take occasional study breaks and go for a walk or run around with your friends．You might even do better in school．
Whatever you do，though，don’t try to read and walk at the same time．You could end up hurting yourself!
根据以上内容，回答36-50题。
Walking regularly helps elderly people______．
A．lose weight
B．become happier
C．concentrate better
D．look younger
37、After taking exercise for a few weeks，the mice were found to have______．
A．higher blood pressure
B．faster heartbeat
C．more blood flow to the brain
D．better appearance
38、The first study on 41 elderly people found______．
A．the Jess—fit participants did arrow tasks faster
B．the fitter participants did arrow tasks faster
C．the less—fit participants gave more accurate answers
D．the fitter participants gave more accurate answers
39、It can be good for health when one takes a walk every 2 0r 3 days for at least______
A．3 minutes
B．45 minutes
C．30 minutes
D．10 minutes
40、It is suggested in the last paragraph that people should______．
A．run around once a week
B．not read and walk at the same time
C．go for a walk every day
D．not hurt their friends while exercising
41、 Look After Your voice
Often speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask for a glass of water．You Can solve the problem by activating the saliva in you mouth．First gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth．Or press your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flow．Or you can imagine that you are slicing a big juicy lemon and sucking the juice．
Before you begin your talk，be kind to your voice．Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat．Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice．
If you sense that you are losing your voice，stop talking completely．Save your voice for your speech．You may feel foolish using paper to write notes，but the best thing you call do is to rest your voice．If you need to see a doctor，perhaps you Can get some advice from a professional singer．In the meantime，do not even talk in a low voice．
What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat?I advise you not to touch alcohol before speaking．The problem with alcohol is that one drink gives you a little confidence．The second drink gives you even more confidence．Finally you will feel all．powerful and you will feel you can do everything，but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly．Save the alcohol until after you finish speaking．
Perhaps you want to accept the advice，but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a life—time．Of course you can．Goethe，who lived before indoor skating rinks or swimming pools，said，“We learn to skate in the summer and swim in the winter．“Take this message to heart and give yourself time to develop your new habits．If you are willing to change，you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they became a part of your body．”
根据以上内容，回答41-55题。
All the following are mentioned in the passage about how to solve the problem of dry mouths EXCEPT_________．
A．to bite the edges of you r tongue
B．to ask for a glass of water
C．to imagine you are having a sour fruit
D．to take Cool milk
42、What does the writer suggest when you feel you are losing your voice?
A．Rest your voice．
B．Drink some alcohol．
C．Ask a singer to teach you how to protect your voice．
D．Never go to see a doctor，
43、What is the writer’s advice about alcohol before you give a speech?
A．Drink a little of it to feel all．powerful．
B．Don’t d rink it．
C．Dilute it with water．
D．Drink jt two hours before you make a speech．
44、What did Goethe say about skating and swimming?
A．He said people could learn to skate when it was hot and swim when it was cold．
B．He said people could learn to skate and swim when it was hot．
C．He said people could learn to skate and swim when it was cold．
D．He said people could learn to skate when it was cold and swim when it was hot．
45、Why does the writer cite Goethe’s advice?
A．To encourage one to go in for sports．
B．To tell that Goethe had a strong willpower
C．To prove one can change one’s habits．
D．To demonstrate Goethe was creative．
31、 Making Light of Sleep
All we have a clock located inside our brains．Similar to your bedside alarm clock，your internal clock runs on a 24-hour cycle．This cycle，called a circadian(昼夜节奏的，生理节奏的)rhythm，helps control when you wake，when you eat and when you sleep．
Somewhere around puberty(青春期)，something happens in the timing of the biological clock．The clock pushes forward，so adolescents(青少年的)and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used t0．When your mother tells you it’s time for bed，your body may be pushing you to stay up for several hours more．And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later．
This shift is natural for teenagers．But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body’s clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark．It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems，too．Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud when they don’t get enough sleep，says Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence，Rl 7．It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn．
But just like your alarm clock，your internal clock can be reset．In fact，it automatically resets itself every day．How?By using the light it gets through your eyes．
Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks．For years，researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body’s clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see．
But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems．One system allows us to see．The second system tells our body whether it’s day or night．
根据以上内容，回答31-45题。
The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because______.
A．it controls when we wake，when we eat and when we sleep
B．it has a cycle of 24 hours
C．it is a cycle also called circadian rhythm
D．it can alarm any time during 24 hours
32、What is implied in the second paragraph?
A．Young child ren’s biological clock has the same rhythm with that of the teenagers．
B．People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the change of the biological clock．
C．Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents．
D．Teenagers go to bed later than they used to due to the light from the computer Screen．
33、In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader that______．
A．it is natural for teenagers to stay up late and get up late
B．staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers’ability to think and learn
C．during puberty most teenagers experience a kind of gray cloud
D．it is hard for teenagers to get out of bed in the morning
34、Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?
A．Our biological clock resets itself automatically．
B．light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock．
C．Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically．
D．Our internal clock,like the alarm clock，can be reset．
35、According to the last two paragraphs，what did the previous researchers think about the human eye’s light—sensing system?
A．The human eye had two light—sensing systems．
B．The human eye had one light—sensing system．
C．The human eye could sense the light of day more quickly than the dark of night．
D．The human eye could reset our internal clocks in accordance with the alarm clocks
36、 Walking to Exercise the Brain
Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades?Think again． Getting some exercise may help，too．
New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn’t exercise．
Previous research had shown that mice learn，remember，and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel．Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don’t．Their brain cells also make more connections．
Neuroscientists from the University at Urbana—-Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true for people．First，they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults，ages 58 to 77， after each person walked 1 mile．Then，participants looked at arrows on a computer screen and had to use computer keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing．
Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task，and their answers were just as ac curate as their less—fit peers．the researchers found．The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions．
In a second study，15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training course were faster at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning exercises for the same amount of time．
So，even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days for just 10 to 45 minutes can help．That should be good news for your grandparents．
The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven’t been studied yet．Still，it can’t hurt to take occasional study breaks and go for a walk or run around with your friends．You might even do better in school．
Whatever you do，though，don’t try to read and walk at the same time．You could end up hurting yourself!
根据以上内容，回答36-50题。
Walking regularly helps elderly people______．
A．lose weight
B．become happier
C．concentrate better
D．look younger
37、After taking exercise for a few weeks，the mice were found to have______．
A．higher blood pressure
B．faster heartbeat
C．more blood flow to the brain
D．better appearance
38、The first study on 41 elderly people found______．
A．the Jess—fit participants did arrow tasks faster
B．the fitter participants did arrow tasks faster
C．the less—fit participants gave more accurate answers
D．the fitter participants gave more accurate answers
39、It can be good for health when one takes a walk every 2 0r 3 days for at least______
A．3 minutes
B．45 minutes
C．30 minutes
D．10 minutes
40、It is suggested in the last paragraph that people should______．
A．run around once a week
B．not read and walk at the same time
C．go for a walk every day
D．not hurt their friends while exercising
41、 Look After Your voice
Often speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask for a glass of water．You Can solve the problem by activating the saliva in you mouth．First gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth．Or press your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flow．Or you can imagine that you are slicing a big juicy lemon and sucking the juice．
Before you begin your talk，be kind to your voice．Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat．Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice．
If you sense that you are losing your voice，stop talking completely．Save your voice for your speech．You may feel foolish using paper to write notes，but the best thing you call do is to rest your voice．If you need to see a doctor，perhaps you Can get some advice from a professional singer．In the meantime，do not even talk in a low voice．
What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat?I advise you not to touch alcohol before speaking．The problem with alcohol is that one drink gives you a little confidence．The second drink gives you even more confidence．Finally you will feel all．powerful and you will feel you can do everything，but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly．Save the alcohol until after you finish speaking．
Perhaps you want to accept the advice，but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a life—time．Of course you can．Goethe，who lived before indoor skating rinks or swimming pools，said，“We learn to skate in the summer and swim in the winter．“Take this message to heart and give yourself time to develop your new habits．If you are willing to change，you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they became a part of your body．”
根据以上内容，回答41-55题。
All the following are mentioned in the passage about how to solve the problem of dry mouths EXCEPT_________．
A．to bite the edges of you r tongue
B．to ask for a glass of water
C．to imagine you are having a sour fruit
D．to take Cool milk
42、What does the writer suggest when you feel you are losing your voice?
A．Rest your voice．
B．Drink some alcohol．
C．Ask a singer to teach you how to protect your voice．
D．Never go to see a doctor，
43、What is the writer’s advice about alcohol before you give a speech?
A．Drink a little of it to feel all．powerful．
B．Don’t d rink it．
C．Dilute it with water．
D．Drink jt two hours before you make a speech．
44、What did Goethe say about skating and swimming?
A．He said people could learn to skate when it was hot and swim when it was cold．
B．He said people could learn to skate and swim when it was hot．
C．He said people could learn to skate and swim when it was cold．
D．He said people could learn to skate when it was cold and swim when it was hot．
45、Why does the writer cite Goethe’s advice?
A．To encourage one to go in for sports．
B．To tell that Goethe had a strong willpower
C．To prove one can change one’s habits．
D．To demonstrate Goethe was creative．
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