2014年职称英语考试卫生类B级模拟试题三
2014-03-05来源:和谐英语
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
31、 Happiness
Happiness is becoming a huge area in psychological research and even in government policy，with the UK government exploring a“happiness index”．It’s tough，though，to define exactly what happiness is，and what makes US happy．
There are two broad ways of looking at happiness：short—term happiness(a great cookie，a boodle of wine)and long-term happiness(financial security，achieving your goals)．Both types of happiness are valid，and important．The problem is，they’re ofen in competition．
Let’s say you’ve got a goal of losing 50 pounds this year．You know you’d be happier and healthier if you weren’t carrying that extra weight．To achieve long—term happiness，you need to go on a diet．In the short—term，though，it’s not that easy．A chocolate cake，or a large glass of wine，might seem like just the thing to cheer you up at the end of a long day—or to celebrate with friends．It’s the same with lots of other goals．
If you’ve got a tendency to prioritize long—term happiness at the expense of day—to—day pleasures，you should start looking for some small ways to bring a little joy back into your life． I'm not suggesting that you go our and get drunk every night，or that you stuff with cake．There are plenty of other ways to enjoy yourself．Don’t pin all your hopes of happiness on some far—off future，though．There’s no point working a 60一hour week and making yourself thoroughly miserable in the belief that things will be prefect as soon as you’re making a six-figure salary．
根据以上内容，回答31-45题。
A proper title for the passage is“______”．
A．Happy Thereafter
B．Beyond Happiness
C．Happiness In，Happiness Out
D．Happy Now or in the Future?
32、Paragraph 2 is mainly about
A．what makes US happy
B．how to understand happiness
C．how we can be happier
D．what happiness can bring US
33、The example in Paragraph 3 is meant to emphasize that_____．
A．both short-term happiness and long—term happiness are important
B．we tend to seek short—term happiness instead of long．term happiness
C．people prefer long—term happiness to short—term happiness
D．short—term happiness may contradict long—term happiness
34、The word“prioritize”(last paragraph)probably means“_____”．
A．treat something as more important than others
B．improve something’s value or quality
C．put extra emphasis on something
D．look for something that is difficult to find
35、The author suggests in the last paragraph that sacrificing short—term happiness for long-term happiness_____．
A．works well
B．can be justified
C．is not worthwhile
D．makes no difference
36、 New US Plan for Disease Prevention
Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health，Health and Human SeⅣices Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a$15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease，cancer and diabetes(糖 尿病)。
The initiative highlights the costs of chronic diseases--the leading causes of death in the United States—and outlines ways that people can prevent them，including better diet and increased exercise．
“In the United States today，7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness． disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases，”the Health and Human Services department said in a statement．
The causes are often behavioral—smoking，poor eating habits and a lack of exercise．
“I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future．”Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative．
“Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the rising costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices．”
Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than$351 billion in 2003．
“These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable，yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for US to lead healthier，longer lives，”he said．
The$15 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention，pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more．
Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes，and prevent cancer and strokes．
The money will also go to community organizations，clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they Can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening．
The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening，including Pap tests(巴氏试验)for cervical(子宫颈的)cancer mammograms(乳房X线照片)for breast cancer，colonoscopies(结肠镜检查)，and prostate(前列腺的)checks．
If such cancers were all caught by early screening．me group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent．
根据以上内容，回答36-50题。
Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?
A．They account for 70%of all deaths．
B．They are responsible for most of the health care costs．
C．They often result in unhealthy lifestyles．
D．They are largely preventable．
37、The author mentions all the following ways of disease prevention EXCEPT______．
A．better diet
B．increased exercise
C．1ess smoking
D．more frequent hand washing
38、The passage indicates that spending more money on disease prevention will mean______
A．greater responsibility of the government
B．1ess need for input into treatment
C．higher costs of health care
D．more lifestyle choices for people
39、The purpose of the$1 5 million program is to______．
A．promote disease prevention
B．build more highways
C．help poor communities
D．wipe out chronic diseases
40、Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly______．
A．the death rates for all chronic diseases
B．the kinds of cancer attacking people
C．the incidence rate for cancer
D．the death rate for cancer
41、 Eat More，Weigh Less，Live Longer
Clever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals．
Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston，US，and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan(寿命)of mice by l8 per cent by blocking the rodent’s(啮齿动物) increase of fat in specific cells．This suggests that thinness———and hot necessarily diet——— promotes long life in“calorie(热量卡)restricted”animals．
“It’s very cool work．”says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California，San Francisco．“These mice eat all they want，lose weight and live longer．It’s like heaven．”
Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents．Whether this works in humans is still unknown，partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet．
But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life．One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells．But Kahn’s team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin．
To find out，they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin(胰岛素)receptor(受体) gene in lab mice—but only in their fat cells．“Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store fat。 these animals were protected against becoming fat，”explains Kahn．
This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects．By three months of age， Kahn，those modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice， despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight．In addition，their lifespan increased．The average control mouse lived 753 days，while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days．After three years，all the control mice had died，but one—quarter of the modified rodents were still alive．
“That they get these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial，”says Leonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology，who studies calorie restriction and aging．But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible for increased lifespan in calorie restricted animals．“It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life，”he points out，“and that would be very interesting．”
根据以上内容，回答41-55题。
Ronald Kahn and his colleagues can make mice live longer by_____．
A．offering them less food
B．giving them a balanced diet
C．disrupting the specific genes in their fat cells
D．preventing them growing larger
42、According to the passage．we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking in fewer calories partly because______．
A．humans．worms and rodents are different
B．most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet
C．the effect is not known
D．genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans
43、What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?
A．People like to lose weight，but they do not like to eat less．
B．People want to go to heaven，but they do not want to die．
C．Mice will go to heaven if they lose weight．
D．Mice enjoy losing weight．
44、The average modified mouse lived______．
A．3 years
B．753 days
C．More than 3 years
D．887 days
45、What can be inferred from the passage about the route to long life?
A．It remains to be studied．
B．it has already been discovered．
C．Eating more leads to long life．
D．Eating less leads to long life。
31、 Happiness
Happiness is becoming a huge area in psychological research and even in government policy，with the UK government exploring a“happiness index”．It’s tough，though，to define exactly what happiness is，and what makes US happy．
There are two broad ways of looking at happiness：short—term happiness(a great cookie，a boodle of wine)and long-term happiness(financial security，achieving your goals)．Both types of happiness are valid，and important．The problem is，they’re ofen in competition．
Let’s say you’ve got a goal of losing 50 pounds this year．You know you’d be happier and healthier if you weren’t carrying that extra weight．To achieve long—term happiness，you need to go on a diet．In the short—term，though，it’s not that easy．A chocolate cake，or a large glass of wine，might seem like just the thing to cheer you up at the end of a long day—or to celebrate with friends．It’s the same with lots of other goals．
If you’ve got a tendency to prioritize long—term happiness at the expense of day—to—day pleasures，you should start looking for some small ways to bring a little joy back into your life． I'm not suggesting that you go our and get drunk every night，or that you stuff with cake．There are plenty of other ways to enjoy yourself．Don’t pin all your hopes of happiness on some far—off future，though．There’s no point working a 60一hour week and making yourself thoroughly miserable in the belief that things will be prefect as soon as you’re making a six-figure salary．
根据以上内容，回答31-45题。
A proper title for the passage is“______”．
A．Happy Thereafter
B．Beyond Happiness
C．Happiness In，Happiness Out
D．Happy Now or in the Future?
32、Paragraph 2 is mainly about
A．what makes US happy
B．how to understand happiness
C．how we can be happier
D．what happiness can bring US
33、The example in Paragraph 3 is meant to emphasize that_____．
A．both short-term happiness and long—term happiness are important
B．we tend to seek short—term happiness instead of long．term happiness
C．people prefer long—term happiness to short—term happiness
D．short—term happiness may contradict long—term happiness
34、The word“prioritize”(last paragraph)probably means“_____”．
A．treat something as more important than others
B．improve something’s value or quality
C．put extra emphasis on something
D．look for something that is difficult to find
35、The author suggests in the last paragraph that sacrificing short—term happiness for long-term happiness_____．
A．works well
B．can be justified
C．is not worthwhile
D．makes no difference
36、 New US Plan for Disease Prevention
Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health，Health and Human SeⅣices Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a$15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease，cancer and diabetes(糖 尿病)。
The initiative highlights the costs of chronic diseases--the leading causes of death in the United States—and outlines ways that people can prevent them，including better diet and increased exercise．
“In the United States today，7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness． disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases，”the Health and Human Services department said in a statement．
The causes are often behavioral—smoking，poor eating habits and a lack of exercise．
“I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future．”Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative．
“Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the rising costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices．”
Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than$351 billion in 2003．
“These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable，yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for US to lead healthier，longer lives，”he said．
The$15 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention，pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more．
Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes，and prevent cancer and strokes．
The money will also go to community organizations，clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they Can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening．
The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening，including Pap tests(巴氏试验)for cervical(子宫颈的)cancer mammograms(乳房X线照片)for breast cancer，colonoscopies(结肠镜检查)，and prostate(前列腺的)checks．
If such cancers were all caught by early screening．me group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent．
根据以上内容，回答36-50题。
Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?
A．They account for 70%of all deaths．
B．They are responsible for most of the health care costs．
C．They often result in unhealthy lifestyles．
D．They are largely preventable．
37、The author mentions all the following ways of disease prevention EXCEPT______．
A．better diet
B．increased exercise
C．1ess smoking
D．more frequent hand washing
38、The passage indicates that spending more money on disease prevention will mean______
A．greater responsibility of the government
B．1ess need for input into treatment
C．higher costs of health care
D．more lifestyle choices for people
39、The purpose of the$1 5 million program is to______．
A．promote disease prevention
B．build more highways
C．help poor communities
D．wipe out chronic diseases
40、Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly______．
A．the death rates for all chronic diseases
B．the kinds of cancer attacking people
C．the incidence rate for cancer
D．the death rate for cancer
41、 Eat More，Weigh Less，Live Longer
Clever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals．
Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston，US，and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan(寿命)of mice by l8 per cent by blocking the rodent’s(啮齿动物) increase of fat in specific cells．This suggests that thinness———and hot necessarily diet——— promotes long life in“calorie(热量卡)restricted”animals．
“It’s very cool work．”says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California，San Francisco．“These mice eat all they want，lose weight and live longer．It’s like heaven．”
Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents．Whether this works in humans is still unknown，partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet．
But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life．One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells．But Kahn’s team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin．
To find out，they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin(胰岛素)receptor(受体) gene in lab mice—but only in their fat cells．“Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store fat。 these animals were protected against becoming fat，”explains Kahn．
This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects．By three months of age， Kahn，those modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice， despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight．In addition，their lifespan increased．The average control mouse lived 753 days，while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days．After three years，all the control mice had died，but one—quarter of the modified rodents were still alive．
“That they get these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial，”says Leonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology，who studies calorie restriction and aging．But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible for increased lifespan in calorie restricted animals．“It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life，”he points out，“and that would be very interesting．”
根据以上内容，回答41-55题。
Ronald Kahn and his colleagues can make mice live longer by_____．
A．offering them less food
B．giving them a balanced diet
C．disrupting the specific genes in their fat cells
D．preventing them growing larger
42、According to the passage．we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking in fewer calories partly because______．
A．humans．worms and rodents are different
B．most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet
C．the effect is not known
D．genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans
43、What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?
A．People like to lose weight，but they do not like to eat less．
B．People want to go to heaven，but they do not want to die．
C．Mice will go to heaven if they lose weight．
D．Mice enjoy losing weight．
44、The average modified mouse lived______．
A．3 years
B．753 days
C．More than 3 years
D．887 days
45、What can be inferred from the passage about the route to long life?
A．It remains to be studied．
B．it has already been discovered．
C．Eating more leads to long life．
D．Eating less leads to long life。
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