2014年职称英语考试《卫生类C级》冲刺试卷(二)
2014-03-24来源:和谐英语
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项。
31、回答31-45题：
Evidence of Ancient Hunters
Russian and Norwegian scientists have reported finding stone objects and animal bones in the far north of European Russia. The scientists say the objects provide the first evidence that ancient hunters lived in the area more than 30 thousand years ago. They say this is at least 15 thousand years earlier than experts had thought.
The Russian and Norwegian team worked at a camp along the Usa River and the Arctic Circle. The scientists say they found several ancient stone tools. They also found 123 bones from animals such as horses, reindeer(驯鹿)and wolves.
The scientists say their most important discovery was a tusk from an ancient elephant called a mammoth(猛犸). The huge, curved tooth was more than l meter long. The tusk is covered with small cuts. The scientists believe humans made the marks with sharp-edged stone tools.
The scientists used a process known as radiocarbon(放射性碳)dating to measure the age of the tusk. Radiocarbon dating shows the level of a radioactive form of carbon in a substance. The tests showed the tusk is about 36 thousand years old.
The scientists say they are not sure what kind of humans left the stone objects and bones along the river. They said the people were either early humans called Neanderthals(穴居人,尼安德特人) or modern humans. Modern humans spread through Europe and Asia 30 thousand years ago. The scientists say the ancient people needed a high level of social development to survive in the extremely cold environment.
The objects were discovered about 300 kilometers northeast of another area where scientists say humans once lived. That area has objects more closely linked to modern humans. Those objects are believed to be about 28 thousand years old.
Nature magazine also published a report by John Gowlett of the University of Liverpool in England. He said the discovery shows the ability of early humans to do the unexpected. He also said the discovery should renew debate about the effects of the climate on the movements of early human population.
Before people found stone objects and animal bones in the north of European Russia, some experts thought human beings lived in that area about
A．30 thousand years ago
B．20 thousand years ago
C．28 thousand years ago
D．15 thousand years ago
32、The following statements are true concerning the significance of the finding EXCEPT that
A．it brings forwards the time in which ancient hunters lived in that area
B．it provides the evidence of a high level of ancient human society
C．it showed the unexpected ability of the early humans
D．it indicates the effect of climate on the movement of early human population
33、Which is the most important discovery among the findings
A．A long elephant tusk.
B．Ancient stone tools.
C．123 bones from animals.
D．mammoth tusk covered with small cuts
34、How old is the tusk? About years old
A．25 thousand
B．28 thousand
C．36 thousand
D．40 thousand
35、What did the ancient people need to survive in the extremely cold environment
A．the ability to do the unexpected
B．a high level of social development
C．thick clothes
D．small animals to feed on
36、回答36-50题：
Natural Medicines
Since earliest days, humans have used some kinds of medicines. We know this because humans have survived. Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely.
They were successful long before the time of modern medicine. Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny (发亮的) instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.
Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals. Yet injuries are treated. And diseases are often cured. How? By ancient methods. By medicines that might seem mysterious, even magical (有魔力的). Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical, however.
Through the centuries, tribal (部落的) medicine men experimented with plants. They found many useful chemicals in the plants. And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of today's most serious diseases.
Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care. These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment. They are used because people trust them. In developed areas, few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store. Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources, especially plants. Some experts say more than 25% of modern medicines come, in one way or another, from nature.
Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory. All living things contain chemicals that help them survive. So scientists' interest in traditional medicine is not new. But it has become an urgent concern. This is because the earth's supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.
The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injury and disease were
A．much more successful than modem ones.
B．successful enough for humans to survive.
C．successful in all cases.
D．of little help to humans.
37、Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Modern medicines are now available all over the world.
B．Many big and modem hospitals are expensive.
C．Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical.
D．Humans have used some kinds of medicines since earliest days.
38、It is believed by scientists that traditional medicines
A．can cure all kinds of diseases.
B．may cure some of today's most serious diseases
C．are no longer useful for modem men.
D．are too cheap to be useful.
39、What do the majority of the people in the world use for health care?
A．Strange and wonderful equipment.
B．Factory-produced chemicals.
C．Modern medicines.
D．Plants.
40、It can be seen from the passage that the earth's supply of natural medicines
A．may never be exhausted.
B．may be dropping rapidly.
C．is surprisingly big.
D．is as rich as ever.
41、回答41-55题：
Young Smokers
It has been shown that children who smoke have certain characteristics. Compared with non-smokers they are more rebellious, their work deteriorates as they move up school, they are more likely to leave school early, and are more often delinquent and sexually precocious. Many of these features can be summarized as anticipation of adulthood.
There are a number of factors which determine the onset of smoking, and these are largely psychological and social. They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing tough, anticipation of adulthood, social confidence, the example of parents and teachers, and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters.
It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact this has proved very difficult. The example set by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance. School rules should forbid smoking by children on the premises. This rule has been introduced at Summerhill School where I spent my schooldays.
There is, however, a risk of children smoking just to rebel against the rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporal punishment there is as much smoking as in other schools. Nevertheless, banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial. Teachers too should not smoke on school premises, at least not in front of children.
In this passage the author puts an emphasis on
A．the consequence of smoking among children.
B．the difficulty in prohibiting children from smoking.
C．the causes of smoking among children.
D．the solution to ban smoking among children
42、Which of the following is a common characteristic of young smokers
A．Disobedience.
B．Laziness.
C．Abstinence.
D．Vanity.
43、Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．Some children start to smoke out of curiosity and vanity.
B．Many children start to smoke because they want to appear mature.
C．In order to have fewer children smokers, parents, teachers and health care workers should set examples.
D．It is not as difficult to prevent children from starting to smoke as to dissuade adults from smoking..
44、The writer concludes that school rules to forbid smoking
A．hould be introduced, for it really works at the school.
B．should not be introduced, for it may cause disturbance.
C．should be introduced though it may not work effectively.
D．needn' t be introduced as long as teachers don' t smoke.
45、The author's attitude towards his writing is
A．Objective.
B．Emotional.
C．Critical.
D．Indifferent.
31、回答31-45题：
Evidence of Ancient Hunters
Russian and Norwegian scientists have reported finding stone objects and animal bones in the far north of European Russia. The scientists say the objects provide the first evidence that ancient hunters lived in the area more than 30 thousand years ago. They say this is at least 15 thousand years earlier than experts had thought.
The Russian and Norwegian team worked at a camp along the Usa River and the Arctic Circle. The scientists say they found several ancient stone tools. They also found 123 bones from animals such as horses, reindeer(驯鹿)and wolves.
The scientists say their most important discovery was a tusk from an ancient elephant called a mammoth(猛犸). The huge, curved tooth was more than l meter long. The tusk is covered with small cuts. The scientists believe humans made the marks with sharp-edged stone tools.
The scientists used a process known as radiocarbon(放射性碳)dating to measure the age of the tusk. Radiocarbon dating shows the level of a radioactive form of carbon in a substance. The tests showed the tusk is about 36 thousand years old.
The scientists say they are not sure what kind of humans left the stone objects and bones along the river. They said the people were either early humans called Neanderthals(穴居人,尼安德特人) or modern humans. Modern humans spread through Europe and Asia 30 thousand years ago. The scientists say the ancient people needed a high level of social development to survive in the extremely cold environment.
The objects were discovered about 300 kilometers northeast of another area where scientists say humans once lived. That area has objects more closely linked to modern humans. Those objects are believed to be about 28 thousand years old.
Nature magazine also published a report by John Gowlett of the University of Liverpool in England. He said the discovery shows the ability of early humans to do the unexpected. He also said the discovery should renew debate about the effects of the climate on the movements of early human population.
Before people found stone objects and animal bones in the north of European Russia, some experts thought human beings lived in that area about
A．30 thousand years ago
B．20 thousand years ago
C．28 thousand years ago
D．15 thousand years ago
32、The following statements are true concerning the significance of the finding EXCEPT that
A．it brings forwards the time in which ancient hunters lived in that area
B．it provides the evidence of a high level of ancient human society
C．it showed the unexpected ability of the early humans
D．it indicates the effect of climate on the movement of early human population
33、Which is the most important discovery among the findings
A．A long elephant tusk.
B．Ancient stone tools.
C．123 bones from animals.
D．mammoth tusk covered with small cuts
34、How old is the tusk? About years old
A．25 thousand
B．28 thousand
C．36 thousand
D．40 thousand
35、What did the ancient people need to survive in the extremely cold environment
A．the ability to do the unexpected
B．a high level of social development
C．thick clothes
D．small animals to feed on
36、回答36-50题：
Natural Medicines
Since earliest days, humans have used some kinds of medicines. We know this because humans have survived. Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely.
They were successful long before the time of modern medicine. Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny (发亮的) instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.
Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals. Yet injuries are treated. And diseases are often cured. How? By ancient methods. By medicines that might seem mysterious, even magical (有魔力的). Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical, however.
Through the centuries, tribal (部落的) medicine men experimented with plants. They found many useful chemicals in the plants. And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of today's most serious diseases.
Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care. These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment. They are used because people trust them. In developed areas, few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store. Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources, especially plants. Some experts say more than 25% of modern medicines come, in one way or another, from nature.
Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory. All living things contain chemicals that help them survive. So scientists' interest in traditional medicine is not new. But it has become an urgent concern. This is because the earth's supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.
The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injury and disease were
A．much more successful than modem ones.
B．successful enough for humans to survive.
C．successful in all cases.
D．of little help to humans.
37、Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Modern medicines are now available all over the world.
B．Many big and modem hospitals are expensive.
C．Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical.
D．Humans have used some kinds of medicines since earliest days.
38、It is believed by scientists that traditional medicines
A．can cure all kinds of diseases.
B．may cure some of today's most serious diseases
C．are no longer useful for modem men.
D．are too cheap to be useful.
39、What do the majority of the people in the world use for health care?
A．Strange and wonderful equipment.
B．Factory-produced chemicals.
C．Modern medicines.
D．Plants.
40、It can be seen from the passage that the earth's supply of natural medicines
A．may never be exhausted.
B．may be dropping rapidly.
C．is surprisingly big.
D．is as rich as ever.
41、回答41-55题：
Young Smokers
It has been shown that children who smoke have certain characteristics. Compared with non-smokers they are more rebellious, their work deteriorates as they move up school, they are more likely to leave school early, and are more often delinquent and sexually precocious. Many of these features can be summarized as anticipation of adulthood.
There are a number of factors which determine the onset of smoking, and these are largely psychological and social. They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing tough, anticipation of adulthood, social confidence, the example of parents and teachers, and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters.
It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact this has proved very difficult. The example set by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance. School rules should forbid smoking by children on the premises. This rule has been introduced at Summerhill School where I spent my schooldays.
There is, however, a risk of children smoking just to rebel against the rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporal punishment there is as much smoking as in other schools. Nevertheless, banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial. Teachers too should not smoke on school premises, at least not in front of children.
In this passage the author puts an emphasis on
A．the consequence of smoking among children.
B．the difficulty in prohibiting children from smoking.
C．the causes of smoking among children.
D．the solution to ban smoking among children
42、Which of the following is a common characteristic of young smokers
A．Disobedience.
B．Laziness.
C．Abstinence.
D．Vanity.
43、Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．Some children start to smoke out of curiosity and vanity.
B．Many children start to smoke because they want to appear mature.
C．In order to have fewer children smokers, parents, teachers and health care workers should set examples.
D．It is not as difficult to prevent children from starting to smoke as to dissuade adults from smoking..
44、The writer concludes that school rules to forbid smoking
A．hould be introduced, for it really works at the school.
B．should not be introduced, for it may cause disturbance.
C．should be introduced though it may not work effectively.
D．needn' t be introduced as long as teachers don' t smoke.
45、The author's attitude towards his writing is
A．Objective.
B．Emotional.
C．Critical.
D．Indifferent.
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