2014年职称英语考试综合类模拟题（五）

　　第四部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　第一篇 Late-night Drinking

　　Coffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pick-me-up” cup of coffee late in the day will play havoc with your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.

　　Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m., before falling again. “It’s the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,” says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the body’s levels of this sleep hormone.

　　Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off—twice as long as usual—and jigged around in bed twice as much.

　　In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicinc, the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production.

　　Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.

　　31. The author mentions “pick-me-up” to indicate that

　　A. melatonin levels need to be raised.

　　B. neurohormone can wake us up.

　　C. coffee is a stimulant.

　　D. decaf is a caffeinated coffee.

　　32. Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?

　　A. Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.

　　B. Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.

　　C. Caffeine halves the body’s levels of sleep hormone.

　　D. Caffeine stays in the body for many hours.

　　33. What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?

　　A. Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.

　　B. Different findings of Lotan Shilo and a team about caffeine.

　　C. The fact that the subjects slept 415 minutes per night after drinking decaf.

　　D. The evidence that the subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.

　　34. What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove?

　　A. There are more enzymes in decaf drinkers’ urine sample.

　　B. there are more melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers’ urine sample.

　　C. Decaf drinkers produce less melatonin.

　　D. Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.

　　35. The author of this passage probably agrees that

　　A. coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffee.

　　B. we should not drink coffee after supper.

　　C. people sleep more soundly at midnight than at 3 a.m.

　　D. if we feel sleepy at night, we should go to bed immediately.

　　第二篇 Eat to Live

　　A meager diet may give you health and long life, but it's not much fun - and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to1 most of that youthful vigor even if we don't start to diet until old age.

　　Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse's liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation won't reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins. 2

　　Spindler's team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations3. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed3 for a month when they were 34 months old - equivalent to about 70 human years.

　　The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production4- probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 percent of these gene changes.

　　“This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,”says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D. C.

　　No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in5 people as it does in mice, but Spindler is hopeful. "There's attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work," he says.

　　If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.

　　But Spindler isn't sure the trade-off is worth it6. "The mice get less disease, they live longer, but they're hungry," he says. "Even seeing what a diet does, it's still hard to go to a restaurant and say: ‘I can only eat half of that'. "

　　Spindler hopes we soon won't need to diet at all. His company, Lifespan Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.

　　36. Which of the following is incorrect?

　　A Meager eating than usual might make us live longer.

　　B If we go on a diet when old, we may keep healthy.

　　C Dieting might not be needed.

　　D We have to begin dieting since childhood.

　　37. The author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2 to_________.

　　A Illustrate the influence of old age on mice.

　　B Illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.

　　C Illustrate how mice's liver genes behave.

　　D Illustrate the process of metabolizing drugs.

　　38. According to the passage, completely normally fed mice__________

　　A will not experience free radical production.

　　B will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime.

　　C have more old liver genes to behave like young genes.

　　D are more likely to suffer from inflammation.

　　39. Which of the following most is the finding of the researchers？

　　A The mice that began dieting in old age.

　　B 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes.

　　C Calorie restriction that works in people.

　　D Dieting that makes sure a drug is effective.

　　40. According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes

　　A that calorie restriction is very important to young people.

　　B that seeing the effect of a diet, people will like to eat less than normal.

　　C that dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life.

　　D that drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction.

　　第三篇 Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor

　　The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a five-year research study.

　　Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger, especially women.

　　According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Following breast cancer, it has the second-highest incidence rate.

　　"An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer," said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.

　　He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them, 1,433 were male.

　　Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report.

　　However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about1 irritated eyes and throat.

　　About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.

　　However, local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.

　　"Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day, I must stay in the kitchen to cook," said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman. "I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less."

　　Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.

　　Other experts agreed with He.

　　"Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 of lung cancer for men," said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College. "It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women. "

　　He's research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.

　　The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time,6 experts said.

　　41. What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers?

　　A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.

　　B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men.

　　C Patients with lung cancer become older, especially males.

　　D Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females.

　　42. Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai'?

　　A Heart disease. B Breast cancer.

　　C Infectious diseases. D Lung cancer.

　　43. What symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term. Close contact with cooking oil fumes'? 8

　　A Irritated eyes and throat. B Severe pain in both lungs.

　　C Continuous cough and headache. D Difficulty in breathing.

　　44. What was the local women's reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer?

　　A Happy. B Surprised. C Angry. D Careless.

　　45. Which of the following has relatively little connection with women's lung cancer?

　　A Family cancer history. B Unhealthy dietary habits.

　　C Weak immune systems. D Personal health and physical condition.