2014年职称英语考试《综合类C级》模拟题三
2013-12-18来源:和谐英语
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
31、回答31-36题
Memory
Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to " think and concentrate " Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived ( 被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests.
In the first test, each subject (试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well.
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.
The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
"As our tests became more complex," sums up Spilich, " non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins. " He predicts, " smokers might perform adequately at many jobs until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity. "
The purpose of George Spilich's experiments is ___________
A．to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
B．to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity
C．to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance
D．to find out whether smoking helps people's short-term memory
32、George Spilich's experiment was conducted in such a way as to ___________
A．compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details
B．put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
C．check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers
D．register the prompt responses of the subjects
33、The word "bested" (Para. 5) most probably means ___________
A．beat
B．envied
C．caught up with
D．made the best of
34、Which of the following statements is true?
A．Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.
B．Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
C．Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.
D．Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
35、We can infer from the last paragraph that ___________
A．smokers should not expect to become airline pilots
B．smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness
C．no airline pilots smoke during flights
D．smokers may prove unequal to handing emergency cases
36、回答36-41题
Optimism
Ever won the lottery? No? But did that stop you buying another lottery ticket? If the answer is another "no", you might call yourself an optimist.
According to researchers at University College London, human beings are sanguine creatures. It is all in the brain, they say. A study suggests that human brain is very efficient at processing good news: about 80% of people have a tendency to see the glasses half-full, not half-empty, even if they don't consider themselves to be optimists.
The good news is that this brings a health benefit. Having a positive outlook on life reduces anxiety. A study of nearly 100, 000 women showed a lower risk of death from heart disease among optimists.
But there are problems in always having an optimistic attitude. The authors of the study point out that the 2008 financial crisis may have been caused by analysts over estimating their assets' performance even in the face of clear evidence to the contrary.
There are personal health risks too. Dr. Tali Sharot, lead researcher, said: " Smoking Kills' messages don't work since people think their chances of cancer are low. There's a very fundamental tendency in the brain. "
But, as they say, every cloud has a silver lining. Even if seeing the world through rose- colored glasses poses a risk to our health, it's not something that is likely to cause us to lose sleep. Let's just keep our chins up and keep smiling!
What does "sanguine" (Para. 2) mean?
A．Depressed.
B．Cheerful.
C．Lucky.
D．Emotional.
37、The study mentioned in Paragraph 2 indicates that people ___________
A．are more optimistic than they believe
B．are less optimistic than they believe
C．like good news more than they think
D．like good news less than they think
38、What mistake might analysts have made during the 2008 financial crisis?
A．Collecting false information.
B．Overemphasizing evidence.
C．Misjudging the situation.
D．Giving a pessimistic forecast.
39、The author suggests in the last paragraph that we ___________
A．adjust our goals in life
B．learn to release bad mood
C．avoid being overoptimistic
D．maintain a positive attitude
40、What is the main idea of the passage?.
A．People tend to be optimistic even in crisis.
B．Optimists enjoy life better than pessimists.
C．Being optimistic has both benefits and risks.
D．Optimism is what keeps us going forward.
41、回答41-46题
Chapter-A-Day
Don't have time to read anymore? Now you can get free, quick literature via email. More than 100; 000 people open their email each day to read a chapter of a book, through Chapter-A-Day, an online book club created two years ago. It's a free email service that provides a short daily reading for busy people, exposing them to literature they may not find on their own, inspiring some to recommit to the reading habit. About 550 public library systems representing over 3, 000 branch libraries already have signed up to offer Chapter-A-Day. Via email, participants get about five minutes' worth of reading every day. After three chapters are emailed, the installments stop, and those who want to keep reading can borrow the book at their public library or purchase it online. Chapter-A-Day has eight free book clubs, and sells thousands of books each month.
Chapter-A-Day started in 1999 when Suzanne Beecher, a lifelong book lover, realized how many of the women who worked part-time for her software development company didn't have time in their busy lives to read. She decided to type part of a chapter of a book, and send it to her employees through email. The next day she typed a little more, and continued to send literary installments each day. She says she started getting feedback from the staff about how reading made them feel. "They were interested, and realized that, though they didn't have time in their busy lives for reading, just reading that little bit each day got them back in the habit. "
Realizing that many other people could benefit, she decided to take the idea even further and start an email "chapter-a-day" book club to help others ease their way back into daily reading."Reading makes changes in people's lives," Beecher says.
Pat Dempsey, a librarian at a public library in Ohio, has found Chapter-A-Day helps her library clients get back in the habit of reading. "It's a different way to get people hooked on books," she says.
Chapter-A-Day is intended to help people
A．get back into the habit of reading
B．relieve stress from office work
C．find interesting books online
D．buy books more conveniently
42、The passage was written in
A．1999
B．2000
C．2001
D．2002
43、It can be inferred that through Chapter-A-Day
A．public libraries have become crowded with readers
B．Ms. Beecher made much money for her software company
C．people begin to read very slowly and patiently
D．people cannot finish reading any book online
44、The word "installment" in the passage probably means
A．a library email
B．a rare piece of literature
C．a free novel
D．a part of a book
45、Ms. Beecher decided to expand her Chapter-A-Day service because
A．over 3, 000 libraries had joined
B．many other people could benefit
C．eight book clubs supported her
D．free email service was available
31、回答31-36题
Memory
Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to " think and concentrate " Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived ( 被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests.
In the first test, each subject (试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well.
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.
The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
"As our tests became more complex," sums up Spilich, " non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins. " He predicts, " smokers might perform adequately at many jobs until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity. "
The purpose of George Spilich's experiments is ___________
A．to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
B．to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity
C．to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance
D．to find out whether smoking helps people's short-term memory
32、George Spilich's experiment was conducted in such a way as to ___________
A．compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details
B．put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
C．check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers
D．register the prompt responses of the subjects
33、The word "bested" (Para. 5) most probably means ___________
A．beat
B．envied
C．caught up with
D．made the best of
34、Which of the following statements is true?
A．Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.
B．Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
C．Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.
D．Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
35、We can infer from the last paragraph that ___________
A．smokers should not expect to become airline pilots
B．smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness
C．no airline pilots smoke during flights
D．smokers may prove unequal to handing emergency cases
36、回答36-41题
Optimism
Ever won the lottery? No? But did that stop you buying another lottery ticket? If the answer is another "no", you might call yourself an optimist.
According to researchers at University College London, human beings are sanguine creatures. It is all in the brain, they say. A study suggests that human brain is very efficient at processing good news: about 80% of people have a tendency to see the glasses half-full, not half-empty, even if they don't consider themselves to be optimists.
The good news is that this brings a health benefit. Having a positive outlook on life reduces anxiety. A study of nearly 100, 000 women showed a lower risk of death from heart disease among optimists.
But there are problems in always having an optimistic attitude. The authors of the study point out that the 2008 financial crisis may have been caused by analysts over estimating their assets' performance even in the face of clear evidence to the contrary.
There are personal health risks too. Dr. Tali Sharot, lead researcher, said: " Smoking Kills' messages don't work since people think their chances of cancer are low. There's a very fundamental tendency in the brain. "
But, as they say, every cloud has a silver lining. Even if seeing the world through rose- colored glasses poses a risk to our health, it's not something that is likely to cause us to lose sleep. Let's just keep our chins up and keep smiling!
What does "sanguine" (Para. 2) mean?
A．Depressed.
B．Cheerful.
C．Lucky.
D．Emotional.
37、The study mentioned in Paragraph 2 indicates that people ___________
A．are more optimistic than they believe
B．are less optimistic than they believe
C．like good news more than they think
D．like good news less than they think
38、What mistake might analysts have made during the 2008 financial crisis?
A．Collecting false information.
B．Overemphasizing evidence.
C．Misjudging the situation.
D．Giving a pessimistic forecast.
39、The author suggests in the last paragraph that we ___________
A．adjust our goals in life
B．learn to release bad mood
C．avoid being overoptimistic
D．maintain a positive attitude
40、What is the main idea of the passage?.
A．People tend to be optimistic even in crisis.
B．Optimists enjoy life better than pessimists.
C．Being optimistic has both benefits and risks.
D．Optimism is what keeps us going forward.
41、回答41-46题
Chapter-A-Day
Don't have time to read anymore? Now you can get free, quick literature via email. More than 100; 000 people open their email each day to read a chapter of a book, through Chapter-A-Day, an online book club created two years ago. It's a free email service that provides a short daily reading for busy people, exposing them to literature they may not find on their own, inspiring some to recommit to the reading habit. About 550 public library systems representing over 3, 000 branch libraries already have signed up to offer Chapter-A-Day. Via email, participants get about five minutes' worth of reading every day. After three chapters are emailed, the installments stop, and those who want to keep reading can borrow the book at their public library or purchase it online. Chapter-A-Day has eight free book clubs, and sells thousands of books each month.
Chapter-A-Day started in 1999 when Suzanne Beecher, a lifelong book lover, realized how many of the women who worked part-time for her software development company didn't have time in their busy lives to read. She decided to type part of a chapter of a book, and send it to her employees through email. The next day she typed a little more, and continued to send literary installments each day. She says she started getting feedback from the staff about how reading made them feel. "They were interested, and realized that, though they didn't have time in their busy lives for reading, just reading that little bit each day got them back in the habit. "
Realizing that many other people could benefit, she decided to take the idea even further and start an email "chapter-a-day" book club to help others ease their way back into daily reading."Reading makes changes in people's lives," Beecher says.
Pat Dempsey, a librarian at a public library in Ohio, has found Chapter-A-Day helps her library clients get back in the habit of reading. "It's a different way to get people hooked on books," she says.
Chapter-A-Day is intended to help people
A．get back into the habit of reading
B．relieve stress from office work
C．find interesting books online
D．buy books more conveniently
42、The passage was written in
A．1999
B．2000
C．2001
D．2002
43、It can be inferred that through Chapter-A-Day
A．public libraries have become crowded with readers
B．Ms. Beecher made much money for her software company
C．people begin to read very slowly and patiently
D．people cannot finish reading any book online
44、The word "installment" in the passage probably means
A．a library email
B．a rare piece of literature
C．a free novel
D．a part of a book
45、Ms. Beecher decided to expand her Chapter-A-Day service because
A．over 3, 000 libraries had joined
B．many other people could benefit
C．eight book clubs supported her
D．free email service was available
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