2014年职称英语考试《综合类C级》冲刺试卷(一)
2014-03-20来源:和谐英语
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
31、回答31-45题：
Gendergap
The girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto , California , all have the same access to computers as boys. But researchers say, by the time they get to high school, they are victims of what the researchers call a major new gender ( 性别 ) gap in technology. Janice Weinman of the American Association of University Women says, "Girls tend to be less comfortable than boys with the computer. They use it more for word processing rather than for problem solving,rather than to discover new ways in which to understand information. "
After re-examining a thousand studies, the American Association of University Women researchers found that girls make up only a small percentage of students in computer science classes. Girls consistently rate themselves significantly lower than boys in their ability and confidence in using computers. And they use computers less often than boys outside the classroom.
An instructor of a computer lab says he's already noticed some differences. Charles Cheadle of Cesar Chavez School says, "Boys are not so afraid they might do something that will harm the computer, whereas girls are afraid they might break it somehow. "
Six years ago, the software company Purple Moon noticed that girls' computer usage was falling behind boys. Karen Gould says, "The number one reason girls told us they don't like computer games is not that they're too violent, or too competitive. Girls just said they're incredibly boring. "
Purple Moon says it found what girls want, characters they can relate to and story lines relative to what's going on in their own lives. Karen Gould of Purple Moon Software says," What we definitely found from girls is that there is no intrinsic ( 固有的 ) reason why they wouldn't want to play on a computer; it was just a content thing. "
The sponsor of the study says it all boils down to this: the technology gender gap that separates the girls from the boys must be closed if women are to compete effectively with men in the 21st century.
According to the passage, girls are victims of the gender gap in technology because __________
A．they can not discover new ways to use computers
B．they have the same access to computers as boys
C．they are likely to be less comfortable with computers
D．they can only use computers for word processing
32、The research on girls and computers is __________
A．based on a few recent articles
B．presented by one person
C．based on thousands of studies
D．not considered well grounded
33、Girls often feel __________
A．bored with computer games
B．comfortable using computers
C．it hard to use computers in word processing
D．worried about using computers
34、The software company seems to think girls would be more interested if __________
A．girls had an equal chance of playing games
B．the software was more violent
C．the software content was changed
D．the character were funny
35、The gender gap needs to be closed because __________
A．it isn't fair that boys are allowed to use computers all the time
B．there isn't enough money for upgrading computers
C．most of the causes may boil down to a question of money
D．the ability to use computers is important in today's world
36、回答36-50题：
The National Park Service
America's national parks are like old friends. You may not see them for years at a time, but just knowing they're out there makes you feel better. Hearing the names of these famous old friends-Yosemite, Yellowstone, Grand Canyon - revives memories of visits past and promotes dreams of those still to come.
From Acadia to Zion, 369 national parks are part of a continually evolving system. Ancient fossil beds, Revolutionary War battlefields, magnificent mountain ranges, and monuments to heroic men and women who molded this country are all a part of our National Park System (NPS). The care and preservation for future generations of these special places is entrusted to the National Park Service. Uniformed Rangers, the most visible representatives of the Service, not only offer park visitors a friendly wave, a helpful answer, or a thought-provoking history lesson, but also are skilled rescuers, firefighters, and dedicated resource protection professionals. The National Park Service ranks also include architects, historians, archaeologists, biologists, and a host of other experts who preserve and protect everything from George Washington's teeth to Thomas Edison's wax recordings.
Modern society has brought the National Park Service both massive chalienges and enormous opportunities. Satellite and computer technologies are expanding the educational possibilities of a national park beyond it's physical boundaries. Cities struggling to revive their urban cores are turning to the Park Service for expert assistance to preserve their cultural heritage, create pocket parks and green spaces, and re-energize local economies. Growing communities thirsty for recreational outlets are also working with the NPS to turn abandoned railroad tracks into bike and biking trails, as well as giving unused federal property new life as recreation centers.
To help meet these challenges and take advantage of these opportunities, the National Park Service has formed partnerships - some dating back 100 years, some only months old - with other agencies, state and local governments, corporations, American Indian tribes and Alaska Natives, Park Friends groups, cooperating associations, private organizations, community groups and individuals who share the National Park ethic.
National Park Week 1996 is a celebration of these partnerships.
Why are America's national parks like old friends?
A．Because they are always out there.
B．Because they are very old.
C．Because they make people feel better.
D．Because they are very famous.
37、Which of the following statements is true about uniformed rangers?
A．They take tourists to national parks.
B．They always act as tourist guides.
C．They help set up new national parks.
D．They protect the National Park System.
38、The National Park Service does all of the following EXCEPT
A．offering help to visitors.
B．molding the Nation.
C．keeping people better informed of the National Park System.
D．helping preserve the cultural heritage.
39、What is this passage about?
A．It is about the American National Parks.
B．It is about the National Park Service.
C．It is about the National Park Service partnerships.
D．It is about the care and preservation of the National Parks in America.
40、What will the paragraph following this passage most probably discuss?
A．The pocket parks in America.
B．The preparations made for the celebration of National Park Week 1996.
C．The work that has been done by the partners.
D．The preservation of national resources in America.
41、回答41-55题：
Sleep
We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours' sleep allernating with some 16-17 hours' wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.
The question is no more academic one. The case, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a. m. one week , 8 a. m. to 4 p. m. the next, and 4 p. m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. Recent research by Bonier of the Netherlands, however, has shows that people on such systems will revert to their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work built up during the week.
The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a corps of permanent night workers whose nocturnal wakefulness may persist through all weekend and holidays. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep, digestive disorder and domestic disruption among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these symptoms among those on permanent night work.
The question raised in paragraph 1 is "no more academic one"
A．because Bonjer's findings are different from Browns.
B．because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.
C．because some people can change their sleeping habits easily.
D．because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.
42、According to the passage, the main problem about night work is that
A．people hate the inconvenience of working on night shifts.
B．your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back.
C．not all industries work at the same hours.
D．it is difficult to find a corps of good night workers.
43、According to the passage, the best solution on the problem seems to be
A．not to change shifts from one week to the next.
B．to make periods on each shift longer.
C．to employ people who will always work at night.
D．to find ways of selecting people who adapt quickly.
44、In the second paragraph, “the third" means
A．the third week.
B．the third shift.
C．a third of the time.
D．the third routine.
45、In the last sentence of the second paragraph, "another" means
A．another routine.
B．another shift.
C．another week.
D．another person.
31、回答31-45题：
Gendergap
The girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto , California , all have the same access to computers as boys. But researchers say, by the time they get to high school, they are victims of what the researchers call a major new gender ( 性别 ) gap in technology. Janice Weinman of the American Association of University Women says, "Girls tend to be less comfortable than boys with the computer. They use it more for word processing rather than for problem solving,rather than to discover new ways in which to understand information. "
After re-examining a thousand studies, the American Association of University Women researchers found that girls make up only a small percentage of students in computer science classes. Girls consistently rate themselves significantly lower than boys in their ability and confidence in using computers. And they use computers less often than boys outside the classroom.
An instructor of a computer lab says he's already noticed some differences. Charles Cheadle of Cesar Chavez School says, "Boys are not so afraid they might do something that will harm the computer, whereas girls are afraid they might break it somehow. "
Six years ago, the software company Purple Moon noticed that girls' computer usage was falling behind boys. Karen Gould says, "The number one reason girls told us they don't like computer games is not that they're too violent, or too competitive. Girls just said they're incredibly boring. "
Purple Moon says it found what girls want, characters they can relate to and story lines relative to what's going on in their own lives. Karen Gould of Purple Moon Software says," What we definitely found from girls is that there is no intrinsic ( 固有的 ) reason why they wouldn't want to play on a computer; it was just a content thing. "
The sponsor of the study says it all boils down to this: the technology gender gap that separates the girls from the boys must be closed if women are to compete effectively with men in the 21st century.
According to the passage, girls are victims of the gender gap in technology because __________
A．they can not discover new ways to use computers
B．they have the same access to computers as boys
C．they are likely to be less comfortable with computers
D．they can only use computers for word processing
32、The research on girls and computers is __________
A．based on a few recent articles
B．presented by one person
C．based on thousands of studies
D．not considered well grounded
33、Girls often feel __________
A．bored with computer games
B．comfortable using computers
C．it hard to use computers in word processing
D．worried about using computers
34、The software company seems to think girls would be more interested if __________
A．girls had an equal chance of playing games
B．the software was more violent
C．the software content was changed
D．the character were funny
35、The gender gap needs to be closed because __________
A．it isn't fair that boys are allowed to use computers all the time
B．there isn't enough money for upgrading computers
C．most of the causes may boil down to a question of money
D．the ability to use computers is important in today's world
36、回答36-50题：
The National Park Service
America's national parks are like old friends. You may not see them for years at a time, but just knowing they're out there makes you feel better. Hearing the names of these famous old friends-Yosemite, Yellowstone, Grand Canyon - revives memories of visits past and promotes dreams of those still to come.
From Acadia to Zion, 369 national parks are part of a continually evolving system. Ancient fossil beds, Revolutionary War battlefields, magnificent mountain ranges, and monuments to heroic men and women who molded this country are all a part of our National Park System (NPS). The care and preservation for future generations of these special places is entrusted to the National Park Service. Uniformed Rangers, the most visible representatives of the Service, not only offer park visitors a friendly wave, a helpful answer, or a thought-provoking history lesson, but also are skilled rescuers, firefighters, and dedicated resource protection professionals. The National Park Service ranks also include architects, historians, archaeologists, biologists, and a host of other experts who preserve and protect everything from George Washington's teeth to Thomas Edison's wax recordings.
Modern society has brought the National Park Service both massive chalienges and enormous opportunities. Satellite and computer technologies are expanding the educational possibilities of a national park beyond it's physical boundaries. Cities struggling to revive their urban cores are turning to the Park Service for expert assistance to preserve their cultural heritage, create pocket parks and green spaces, and re-energize local economies. Growing communities thirsty for recreational outlets are also working with the NPS to turn abandoned railroad tracks into bike and biking trails, as well as giving unused federal property new life as recreation centers.
To help meet these challenges and take advantage of these opportunities, the National Park Service has formed partnerships - some dating back 100 years, some only months old - with other agencies, state and local governments, corporations, American Indian tribes and Alaska Natives, Park Friends groups, cooperating associations, private organizations, community groups and individuals who share the National Park ethic.
National Park Week 1996 is a celebration of these partnerships.
Why are America's national parks like old friends?
A．Because they are always out there.
B．Because they are very old.
C．Because they make people feel better.
D．Because they are very famous.
37、Which of the following statements is true about uniformed rangers?
A．They take tourists to national parks.
B．They always act as tourist guides.
C．They help set up new national parks.
D．They protect the National Park System.
38、The National Park Service does all of the following EXCEPT
A．offering help to visitors.
B．molding the Nation.
C．keeping people better informed of the National Park System.
D．helping preserve the cultural heritage.
39、What is this passage about?
A．It is about the American National Parks.
B．It is about the National Park Service.
C．It is about the National Park Service partnerships.
D．It is about the care and preservation of the National Parks in America.
40、What will the paragraph following this passage most probably discuss?
A．The pocket parks in America.
B．The preparations made for the celebration of National Park Week 1996.
C．The work that has been done by the partners.
D．The preservation of national resources in America.
41、回答41-55题：
Sleep
We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours' sleep allernating with some 16-17 hours' wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.
The question is no more academic one. The case, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a. m. one week , 8 a. m. to 4 p. m. the next, and 4 p. m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. Recent research by Bonier of the Netherlands, however, has shows that people on such systems will revert to their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work built up during the week.
The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a corps of permanent night workers whose nocturnal wakefulness may persist through all weekend and holidays. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep, digestive disorder and domestic disruption among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these symptoms among those on permanent night work.
The question raised in paragraph 1 is "no more academic one"
A．because Bonjer's findings are different from Browns.
B．because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.
C．because some people can change their sleeping habits easily.
D．because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.
42、According to the passage, the main problem about night work is that
A．people hate the inconvenience of working on night shifts.
B．your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back.
C．not all industries work at the same hours.
D．it is difficult to find a corps of good night workers.
43、According to the passage, the best solution on the problem seems to be
A．not to change shifts from one week to the next.
B．to make periods on each shift longer.
C．to employ people who will always work at night.
D．to find ways of selecting people who adapt quickly.
44、In the second paragraph, “the third" means
A．the third week.
B．the third shift.
C．a third of the time.
D．the third routine.
45、In the last sentence of the second paragraph, "another" means
A．another routine.
B．another shift.
C．another week.
D．another person.
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