2014年职称英语考试《综合类A级》冲刺试卷(二)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。每道题后面有4个选项，请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择l个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

31、回答31-45题：
Ford's Assembly Line
When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars one, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses (屠宰场).
Back in the early 1900's, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a "disassembly line". Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened.
"The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assemble team averaged one every 13minutes and 10 seconds per person. "
Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed (拖,拉) past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It hasn't long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $ 260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers and the world all copied him.
In fact, heencouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile has arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation (自动化), everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.
Which of the following statements about Henry Ford is NOT true____?
A．He introduced a new way of production.
B．He influenced all manufacturing.
C．He inspired other auto makers.
D．He changed a historian's mind.


32、The writer mentions "slaughterhouses" because they were the places where ____
A．Ford's assembly line originated
B．Ford made his first car
C．Ford readjusted the assembly line
D．Ford innovated the disassembly line


33、A magneto is a technical term for____
A．an automobile
B．a production line
C．a part of an automobile engine
D．a disassembly line


34、the phrase "turning out" in the last paragraph could be best replaced by____
A．"producing"
B．"selling"
C．"buying"
D．"fixing"


35、The invention of the assembly line enabled Henry Ford____
A．to create more jobs for the unemployed
B．to write a book on history
C．to reduce the price of his cars to $260
D．to cut the production of his cars by 50%

36、回答36-50题：
My Fast Job
I was six when I joined my father and two elder brothers at sunrise in the hayfields of Eufaula, Oklahoma. By the time I was eight I was helping Dad fix up low-income rental properties. He gave me a penny for every nail I pulled out of old boards.
I got my first real job, at JM's Restaurant in town, when I was 12. My main responsibilities were clearing tables and washing dishes, but sometimes I helped cook.
Every day after school I would head to JM's and work until ten. Saturdays I worked from two until eleven. At that age it was unlucky going to work and watching my friends run off to swim or play. I didn't necessarily like work, but I loved what working allowed me to have. Because of my job I was always the one buying when my friends and I went to the local bar Tastee Freez. This made me proud.
Word that I was honest and hardworking got around town. A local clothing store extended credit to me although I was only in the seventh grade. I immediately charged a $ 68 sports coat and a $ 22 pair of trousers. I was making only 65 cents an hour, and I was already $ 90 in debt! So I learned early the danger of easy credit. I paid it off as soon as I could.
My first job taught me discipline, responsibility and brought me a level of personal satisfaction few of my friends had experienced. As my father, who worked three jobs, once told me, "If you understand sacrifice and commitment, there are not many things in life you can't have." How right he was!
When the author was a child, he was made to help his father work because___________
A．the restaurant was short of hands.
B．his family belonged to the low-income group.
C．he wanted to earn some money.
D．he was stronger than his two brothers.


37、At the age of 12, the author got a job at a restaurant and often worked till late at night because___________
A．he liked that work.
B．he didn't like playing.
C．he was hard-working.
D．he felt rewarded by doing that work.


38、The word "Word" in the sentence "Word that I was honest and-hard-working got around town in the fourth paragraph means___________
A．statement.
B．advice.
C．news.
D．promise.


39、When the author was in the seventh grade, he was in debt because___________
A．he did not work any more.
B．he bought clothes on credit.
C．he was charged too much for the sports coat.
D．he made little money at that time.


40、What does the author want to tell the reader by this text?
A．If you know sacrifice and responsibility, you can have many things in life.
B．Children from poor families usually have a very unhappy childhood.
C．Children should be made to work and earn some money by themselves.
D．You will learn discipline and responsibility by working early in life.

41、回答41-55题：
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation's vast industrial base has been fed constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur(企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.
What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?
A．Technology transfer.
B．Good management.
C．Hard work.
D．Fierce competition.


42、Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?
A．It is free.
B．It is profit-driven.
C．It is widely available.
D．It is curiosity-driven.


43、The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in
A．Asia.
B．USA．
C．Europe.
D．Africa.


44、When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?
A．In 1940.
B．Last year.
C．After the unification.
D．In 1949.


45、The word "expertise" in line 3 could be best replaced by
A．"experts".
B．"scientists".
C．"scholars".
D．"special knowledge".