2014年职称英语考试《综合类C级》冲刺试卷(三)
2014-03-27来源:和谐英语
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
31、回答31-45题：
Motoring Technology
1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year,plus a further 50 million injuries.To reduce car crash rate,much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.
Travelling at speed has always been dangerous.One advanced area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants.They can ensure you don’t miss important road signs or fall asleep.Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.
Some safety developments aim to improve your vision.Radar can spot obstacles in fog,while other technology“sees through”big vehicles blocking your view.
And improvements to seat belts,pedal(脚踏)controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer.The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety,as have,less surprisingly,size and shape.
But whatever is in the fuel tank,you don’t want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations(创新).Satellite tracking and remote communications can also come into play if you crash,automatically calling for help.
Accidents cause many traffic jams,but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road.Such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools.Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyons’s personal chauffeur(司机),but their latest efforts suggest that won’t be soon.
To reduce car crash rate,many scientists are working hard to
A．design fully automatic cars.
B．develop faster electric vehicles.
C．analyze road deaths occurring worldwide each year.
D．improve the safety of cars and develop new fuels.
32、According to the second paragraph,most road accidents happen due to
A．heavy traffic.
B．human mistakes.
C．engine failure.
D．bad weather.
33、Which of the following safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.
B．Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog.
C．Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles.
D．Improvements in seat belts,pedal controls and tyres.
34、Satellite tracking and remote communication systems cna be used to
A．reduce oil consumption.
B．remove the obstacles on the road.
C．call for help when one’s car crashes.
D．help drivers get out of a traffic jam.
35、Which of the following statements is true of robotic drivers?
A．It will take some time before robotic drivers are available.
B．Robotic drivers are not allowed to driveon busy roads.
C．Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers.
D．Robotic drivers are too expensive to use.
36、回答36-50题：
A Society Without a Formal Authority
In the seventeenth century, European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes found that several native tribes (部落) were living in the area without a formal leadership system. They appeared to be "quite friendly with each other without a formal authority!"
Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority, but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions. All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong (一生的) familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians' rate of social change was slow. Thus, although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders (which were considered rough), members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.
It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society. Most of us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents, our teachers, our bosses, our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell us what to do. The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it. We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.
Of course, the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large. The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system, in modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.
Which of the following statements about the European soldiers is correct?
A．They had no leaders.
B．They treated the Indian groups well.
C．They came across some Indian groups.
D．They found the Indian groups friendly to them.
37、Members of the tribes got others to do things
A．with resolution.
B．by examples.
C．by force.
D．with effort.
38、According to the author, it is hard for a society to work without
A．a recognized authority.
B．enough money.
C．examples.
D．changes.
39、After reading the passage, you may conclude that
A．the Indian system is also suitable for some small towns.
B．the Indians tended to follow orders.
C．our system is much better than the Indians'.
D．the Indian system would be very difficult to implement in our society
40、It can be inferred from the passage that many tasks in our society have to be carried out
A．under severe weather conditions
B．without any effort.
C．without any delay.
D．with ease.
41、回答41-55题：
The Changing Middle Class
The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation, However, middle class is not a real designation,nor does it carry privileges. It is more of a perception, which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II. The economy was growing,more and more people owned their own homes,workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them, and nearly everyone whowanted a higher education could have one. Successful people enjoyed upward social mobility. They may have started out poor,but they could become rich. Successful people also found that they had greater geographic mobility. In other words,they found themselves moving to and living in a variety of places.
The middle class collectively holds several values and principles. One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine one's own economic fate. In addition,middle class morality embraces principles of individual responsibility, importance of family, obligations to others,and believing in something outside oneself.
But in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was a price for success. A U. S. News & World Report survey in 1994 indicated that 75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet. Both spouses now worked,as did some of the children; long commutes became routine; the need for child care put strains on the family; and public schools were not as good as they once were. Members of the middle class were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat. The understanding of just what middle class meant was changing.
The information in this passage deals with
A．an individual
B．a social and economic group
C．a political organization
D．government
42、A common middle class value is that
A．people should always have fun
B．children should be seen and not heard
C．debt is nothing to worry about
D．the family is very important
43、In the years after World War II,the middle class could be defined as
A．overburdened and in debt
B．hard working and suspicious
C．prosperous and optimistic
D．young and foolish
44、The phrase "In other words" in the first paragraph means that the following statement is
A．an exception to the previous idea
B．a denial of the previous idea
C．a restatement of the previous idea
D．a contrasting idea
45、The word collectively means
A．as a group
B．hesitatingly
C．unknowingly
D．weakly
31、回答31-45题：
Motoring Technology
1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year,plus a further 50 million injuries.To reduce car crash rate,much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.
Travelling at speed has always been dangerous.One advanced area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants.They can ensure you don’t miss important road signs or fall asleep.Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.
Some safety developments aim to improve your vision.Radar can spot obstacles in fog,while other technology“sees through”big vehicles blocking your view.
And improvements to seat belts,pedal(脚踏)controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer.The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety,as have,less surprisingly,size and shape.
But whatever is in the fuel tank,you don’t want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations(创新).Satellite tracking and remote communications can also come into play if you crash,automatically calling for help.
Accidents cause many traffic jams,but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road.Such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools.Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyons’s personal chauffeur(司机),but their latest efforts suggest that won’t be soon.
To reduce car crash rate,many scientists are working hard to
A．design fully automatic cars.
B．develop faster electric vehicles.
C．analyze road deaths occurring worldwide each year.
D．improve the safety of cars and develop new fuels.
32、According to the second paragraph,most road accidents happen due to
A．heavy traffic.
B．human mistakes.
C．engine failure.
D．bad weather.
33、Which of the following safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.
B．Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog.
C．Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles.
D．Improvements in seat belts,pedal controls and tyres.
34、Satellite tracking and remote communication systems cna be used to
A．reduce oil consumption.
B．remove the obstacles on the road.
C．call for help when one’s car crashes.
D．help drivers get out of a traffic jam.
35、Which of the following statements is true of robotic drivers?
A．It will take some time before robotic drivers are available.
B．Robotic drivers are not allowed to driveon busy roads.
C．Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers.
D．Robotic drivers are too expensive to use.
36、回答36-50题：
A Society Without a Formal Authority
In the seventeenth century, European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes found that several native tribes (部落) were living in the area without a formal leadership system. They appeared to be "quite friendly with each other without a formal authority!"
Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority, but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions. All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong (一生的) familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians' rate of social change was slow. Thus, although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders (which were considered rough), members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.
It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society. Most of us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents, our teachers, our bosses, our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell us what to do. The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it. We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.
Of course, the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large. The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system, in modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.
Which of the following statements about the European soldiers is correct?
A．They had no leaders.
B．They treated the Indian groups well.
C．They came across some Indian groups.
D．They found the Indian groups friendly to them.
37、Members of the tribes got others to do things
A．with resolution.
B．by examples.
C．by force.
D．with effort.
38、According to the author, it is hard for a society to work without
A．a recognized authority.
B．enough money.
C．examples.
D．changes.
39、After reading the passage, you may conclude that
A．the Indian system is also suitable for some small towns.
B．the Indians tended to follow orders.
C．our system is much better than the Indians'.
D．the Indian system would be very difficult to implement in our society
40、It can be inferred from the passage that many tasks in our society have to be carried out
A．under severe weather conditions
B．without any effort.
C．without any delay.
D．with ease.
41、回答41-55题：
The Changing Middle Class
The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation, However, middle class is not a real designation,nor does it carry privileges. It is more of a perception, which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II. The economy was growing,more and more people owned their own homes,workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them, and nearly everyone whowanted a higher education could have one. Successful people enjoyed upward social mobility. They may have started out poor,but they could become rich. Successful people also found that they had greater geographic mobility. In other words,they found themselves moving to and living in a variety of places.
The middle class collectively holds several values and principles. One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine one's own economic fate. In addition,middle class morality embraces principles of individual responsibility, importance of family, obligations to others,and believing in something outside oneself.
But in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was a price for success. A U. S. News & World Report survey in 1994 indicated that 75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet. Both spouses now worked,as did some of the children; long commutes became routine; the need for child care put strains on the family; and public schools were not as good as they once were. Members of the middle class were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat. The understanding of just what middle class meant was changing.
The information in this passage deals with
A．an individual
B．a social and economic group
C．a political organization
D．government
42、A common middle class value is that
A．people should always have fun
B．children should be seen and not heard
C．debt is nothing to worry about
D．the family is very important
43、In the years after World War II,the middle class could be defined as
A．overburdened and in debt
B．hard working and suspicious
C．prosperous and optimistic
D．young and foolish
44、The phrase "In other words" in the first paragraph means that the following statement is
A．an exception to the previous idea
B．a denial of the previous idea
C．a restatement of the previous idea
D．a contrasting idea
45、The word collectively means
A．as a group
B．hesitatingly
C．unknowingly
D．weakly
手机网站