2014年职称英语考试《综合类B级》冲刺试卷(三)
2014-03-27来源:和谐英语
第4部分：阅读理解(第31—45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项。
31、回答31-45题：
New Foods and the New World
In the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages---has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made form the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.
The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine" of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from south America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.
According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world’s population now starts the day with.
According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?
A．Food.
B．Chocolate.
C．Potato.
D．Coffee
32、"Some" in "Some still exist today" means
A．some cocoa trees.
B．some chocolate drinks.
C．some shops.
D．some South American Indians.
33、Thousands of Irish people starved during the "Potato Famine" because
A．they were so dependent on the potato that they refused to eat anything else.
B．they were forced to emigrate to America.
C．the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing the potato.
D．the potato harvest was bad.
34、Coffee originally came from
A．Brazil.
B．Colombia.
C．Ethiopia.
D．Arabia.
35、The Arabic legend is used to prove that
A．coffee was first discovered by Kaldi.
B．coffee was first discovered by Kaldi’s goats.
C．coffee was first discovered in south American countries.
D．coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.
36、回答36-50题：
Good Modern Newspaper
A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features (特写) as well,from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music.
A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping : from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece,reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next.
A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality ( 时事性),its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day's paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply
the techniques of reading.
A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following EXCEPT its_____
A．wide coverage.
B．uniform style.
C．speed in reporting news.
D．popularity.
37、According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the "same"newspaper is that______
A．people scan for the news they are interested in.
B．different people prefer different newspapers.
C．people are rarely interested in the same kind of news.
D．people have different views about what a good newspaper is.
38、It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers______
A．apply reading techniques skillfully.
B．jump from one newspaper to another.
C．appreciate the variety of a newspa.per.
D．usually read a newspaper selectively.
39、
A good newspaper offers "a variety" to readers because______
A．it tries to serve different readers.
B．it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality.
C．readers are difficult to please.
D．readers like to read different newspapers.
40、The best title for this passage would be”_______”
A．The Importance of Newspaper Topicality
B．The Characteristics of a Good Newspaper
C．The Variety of a Good Newspaper
D．Some Suggestions on How to Read a Newspaper
41、回答41-55题：
The Family
The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. The family's form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. The most common form in North America was the nuclear family, consisting of a married couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must be prepared to fend tor itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one another. There is little help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is they live in retirement communities and nursing homes. They live in retirement communities and nursing homes.
There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies, such as North America, and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits, who live in harsh environments.
The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. The harsh conditions, mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans, the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.
The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time,the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have included grandparents, mother and father, brothers and sisters, uncles, aunts, and cousins. In North
America today, there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many, households in the United States are headed by divorced, separated, or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family, not just in North
America, but throughout the world, continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.
Another good title for this passage would be__________.
A．What Makes a Family?
B．Life of Inuits.
C．Living with Hardship.
D．The Failure of the Nuclear Family.
42、A nuclear family is defined as__________.
A．a married couple with their minor children.
B．a single father with minor children.
C．parents, grandparents, and children.
D．parents, children, and aunts and uncles.
43、The information in this passage would most likely be found in__________.
A．an anthropology textbook.
B．a biology textbook.
C．a mathematics textbook.
D．geography textbook.
44、The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through__________.
A．listing statistics.
B．telling a story.
C．pointing out similarities.
D．pointing out differences.
45、The word mobility means__________.
A．money.
B．readiness to move.
C．organization.
D．skill.
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项。
31、回答31-45题：
New Foods and the New World
In the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages---has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made form the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.
The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine" of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from south America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.
According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world’s population now starts the day with.
According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?
A．Food.
B．Chocolate.
C．Potato.
D．Coffee
32、"Some" in "Some still exist today" means
A．some cocoa trees.
B．some chocolate drinks.
C．some shops.
D．some South American Indians.
33、Thousands of Irish people starved during the "Potato Famine" because
A．they were so dependent on the potato that they refused to eat anything else.
B．they were forced to emigrate to America.
C．the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing the potato.
D．the potato harvest was bad.
34、Coffee originally came from
A．Brazil.
B．Colombia.
C．Ethiopia.
D．Arabia.
35、The Arabic legend is used to prove that
A．coffee was first discovered by Kaldi.
B．coffee was first discovered by Kaldi’s goats.
C．coffee was first discovered in south American countries.
D．coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.
36、回答36-50题：
Good Modern Newspaper
A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features (特写) as well,from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music.
A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping : from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece,reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next.
A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality ( 时事性),its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day's paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply
the techniques of reading.
A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following EXCEPT its_____
A．wide coverage.
B．uniform style.
C．speed in reporting news.
D．popularity.
37、According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the "same"newspaper is that______
A．people scan for the news they are interested in.
B．different people prefer different newspapers.
C．people are rarely interested in the same kind of news.
D．people have different views about what a good newspaper is.
38、It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers______
A．apply reading techniques skillfully.
B．jump from one newspaper to another.
C．appreciate the variety of a newspa.per.
D．usually read a newspaper selectively.
39、
A good newspaper offers "a variety" to readers because______
A．it tries to serve different readers.
B．it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality.
C．readers are difficult to please.
D．readers like to read different newspapers.
40、The best title for this passage would be”_______”
A．The Importance of Newspaper Topicality
B．The Characteristics of a Good Newspaper
C．The Variety of a Good Newspaper
D．Some Suggestions on How to Read a Newspaper
41、回答41-55题：
The Family
The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. The family's form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. The most common form in North America was the nuclear family, consisting of a married couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must be prepared to fend tor itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one another. There is little help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is they live in retirement communities and nursing homes. They live in retirement communities and nursing homes.
There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies, such as North America, and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits, who live in harsh environments.
The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. The harsh conditions, mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans, the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.
The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time,the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have included grandparents, mother and father, brothers and sisters, uncles, aunts, and cousins. In North
America today, there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many, households in the United States are headed by divorced, separated, or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family, not just in North
America, but throughout the world, continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.
Another good title for this passage would be__________.
A．What Makes a Family?
B．Life of Inuits.
C．Living with Hardship.
D．The Failure of the Nuclear Family.
42、A nuclear family is defined as__________.
A．a married couple with their minor children.
B．a single father with minor children.
C．parents, grandparents, and children.
D．parents, children, and aunts and uncles.
43、The information in this passage would most likely be found in__________.
A．an anthropology textbook.
B．a biology textbook.
C．a mathematics textbook.
D．geography textbook.
44、The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through__________.
A．listing statistics.
B．telling a story.
C．pointing out similarities.
D．pointing out differences.
45、The word mobility means__________.
A．money.
B．readiness to move.
C．organization.
D．skill.
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