2014年职称英语(卫生类)教材阅读判断文章练习(11)

　　Disease, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention
　　Disease may be defined as the abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is not capable of carrying on1 all its required functions. There are marked variations in the extent of the disease and in its effect on the person.
　　In order to treat a disease, the doctor obviously must first determine the nature of the illness —that is, make a diagnosis2. A diagnosis is the conclusion drawn from a number of facts put together. The doctor must know the symptoms, which are the changes in body function felt by the patient; and the signs (also called objective symptoms) which the doctor himself can observe. Sometimes a characteristic group of signs (or symptoms) accompanied a given disease. Such a group is called a syndrome. Frequently certain laboratory tests are performed and the results evaluated3 by the physician in making his diagnosis.
　　Although nurses do not diagnose, they play an extremely valuable role in this process by observing closely for signs, encouraging the patient to talk about himself and his symptoms, and then reporting this information to the doctor. Once the patient’s disorder is known, the doctor prescribes a course of treatment, also referred to as therapy4. Many measures in this course of treatment are carried out by the nurse under the physician’s orders.
　　In recent years physicians, nurses and other health workers have taken on increasing responsibilities in prevention5. Throughout most of medical history, the physician’s aim has been to cure a patient of an existing disease6. However, the modern concept of prevention seeks to stop disease before it actually happens — to keep people well through the promotion of health. A vast number of organizations exist for this purpose, ranging from the World Health Organization (WHO) on an international level down to local private and community health programs7. A rapidly growing responsibility of the nursing profession is educating individual patients toward the maintenance of total health — physical and mental.
　　词汇：
　　marked 显著的 syndrome 综合征，症候群
　　symptom 症候，症状 therapy 疗法，治疗 sign 病体;体征
　　注释：
　　1.carry sth. on：继续;进行;维持下去
　　2.make a diagnosis：做出诊断
　　3....the results evaluated…：此句中在evaluated之前省略了与前面are performed相同的助动词are。
　　4.also referred to as therapy：也被称为疗法(过去分词短语作a course of treatment的定语)refer to...：谈及，提及
　　refer to sth. /sb. as...：把……称为……
　　例如：Don’t refer to the matter again.不要再提这件事了。
　　We refer to such a science as physiology.我们把这样一门科学称为生理学。
　　Don’t refer to your brother as a silly cow.不要把你兄弟说成是头笨牛。
　　5.have taken on increasing responsibilities in prevention：在预防方面承担越来越多的责任take sth. on：承担，接受
　　You have taken on too much.你承担的工作太多了。
　　6.to cure a patient of an existing disease：治疗病人的现有疾病cure sb. of...：给某人治疗(或治愈)某病
　　例如：This medicine should cure you of your cold.此药准能治好你的感冒。
　　7.ranging from... health programs：从国际这一级的世界卫生组织一直到下面地区的私人和社区医疗机构(现在分词短语作状语)
　　range from... to...：从……到……的范围(分布或变动)
　　The children’s ages range from 5 to 15.这些孩子小的5岁，大的15岁。
　　Its prices range from twenty to thirty dollars.价钱从20美元到30美元不等。
　　练习：
　　1.By disease it means the condition in which one or more parts of the body fail to function properly.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　2.A syndrome refers to a complex of signs and/or symptoms typical of a specific disease.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　3.The diagnostic aids are indispensable in any case for a physician to diagnose a disease.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　4.Because nurses can observe patients closely, they have the authority to deal with any critical condition happening to patients.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　5.Modern medicine attaches much more importance to disease prevention than traditional medicine.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　6.An effective system of disease prevention and treatment has been established in every country all over the world.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　7.Generally speaking, the physician is more willing to treat patients’ physical disease than their mental illness.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned