2013年职称英语考试《理工类A级》考试真题
2014-03-29来源:和谐英语
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项。
31、根据材料，回答31-45问题。
Forecasting Methods
There are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The methodforecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of informationavailable to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and thedegree of accuracy or confidence needed in the forecast.
The first of these methods is the persistence method; the simplest way of producing aforecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will notchange. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degree today, the persistence method predicts that itwill be sunny and 87 degree tomorrow. If two inches of rain fell today, the persistence methodwould predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions changesignificantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the bestforecasting method to use.
The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts,high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation. Using this information, theforecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. Forexample, if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250miles per day, suing the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. Thetrends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the samedirection for a long period of time. If they slow down, speed up, change intensity, or changedirection, the trends forecast will probably not work as well.
The climatology method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This methodinvolves averaging weather statistics accumulated over many years to make the forecast. Forexample, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for New York City onJuly 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July 4thand take an average. The climatology method only works well when the weather pattern issimilar to that expected for the chosen time of year. if the pattern is quite unusual for the giventime of year, the climatology method will often fail.
The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. Itinvolves examining today's forecast scenario and remembering a day in the past when theweather scenario looked very similar ( an analog). The forecaster would predict that the weatherin this forecast will behave the same as it did in the past. The analog method is difficult to usebecause it is virtually impossible to find a predict analog. Various weather features rarely align themselves in the same locations they were in the previous time. Even small differences betweenthe current time andre analog can lead to very different results.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in choosing a forecasting method__________?
A．Necessary amount of information.
B．Degree of difficulty involved in forecasting.
C．Practical knowledge of the forecaster.
D．Creativity of the forecaster.
32、The persistence method fails to work well when__________
A．it is rainy
B．it is sunny
C．weather conditions stay stable
D．weather conditions change greatly
33、The trends method works well when
A．weather features are constant for a long period of time
B．weather features are defined well enough
C．predictions on precipitation are accurate
D．the speed and direction of movement are predictable
34、The analog method should not be used in making a weather forecast when__________
A．the analog looks complicated
B．the current weather scenario is different from the analog
C．the analog is more than 10 years old
D．the current weather scenario is exactly the same as the analog
35、Historical weather data are necessary in__________
A．the persistence method and the trends method
B．the trends method and the climatology method
C．the climatology method and the analog method
D．the persistence method and the analog method
36、根据材料，回答36-50问题。
Students Learn Better with Touehsereen Desks
Observe the criticisms of nearly any major public education system in the world, and a fewof the many complaints are more or less universal. Technology moves faster than the educationsystem. Teachers must teach at the pace of the slowest student rather than the fastest. And--particularly in the United States--grade school children as a group don't care much for, or excelat, mathematics. So it' s heartening to learn that a new kind of "classroom of the future" showspromise at mitigating some of these problems, starting with that fundamental piece of classroom furniture: the desk.
AUK study involving roughly 400 students, mostly aged 8-10 years, and a new generationof multi-touch, multi-user, computerized desktop surfaces is showing that over the last threeyears the technology has appreciably boosted students' math skills compared to peers learning thesame material via the conventional paper-and-pencil method. How? Through collaboration,mostly, as well as by giving teachers better tools by which to micromanage individual studentswho need some extra instruction while allowing the rest of the class to continue moving forward.Science, Clay Dillow, classroom of the future, education, engineering, math,mathematics, Synergy Net Traditional instruction still shows respectable efficacy at increasingstudents fluency in mathematics, essentially through memorization and practice--dull, repetitivepractice. But the researchers have concluded that these new touch screen desks boost bothfluency and flexibility--the critical thinking skills that allow students to solve complex problemsnot simply through knowing formulas and devices, but by being able to figure out what there allproblem is and the most effective means of stripping it down and solving it.
One reason for this, the researchers say, is the multi-touch aspect of the technology.Students working in the next-gen classroom can work together at the same tabletop, each ofthem contributing and engaging with the problem as part of a group. Known as Synergy Net,the software uses computer vision systems that see in the infrared spectrum to distinguishbetween different touches on different parts of the surface, allowing students to access and usetools on the screen, move objects and visual aids around on their desktops, and otherwisephysically interact with the numbers and information on their screens. By using these screenscollaboratively, the researchers say, the students are to some extent teaching themselves as thosewith a stronger grasp on difficult concepts pull other students forward along with them.
Which of the following statements is NOT true of the public education system_________?
A．It does not,catch up with the development of technology.
B．Teachers pay more attention to fast learners than slow learners.
C．Some similar complaints about it are heard in different countries.
D．Many students are not good at learning mathematics.
37、What has been found after the new tech is employed_________?
A．Teachers are able to give individualized attention to students in need.
B．Students become less active in learning mathematics.
C．Students show preference to the conventional paper-and-pencil method.
D．The gap between slow learners and fast learners gets more noticeable.
38、What is the benefit student get from the new tech_________?
A．It makes them more fluent in public speech,
B．It offers them more flexibility in choosing courses.
C．It is effective in helping them solve physical problems.
D．It enables them to develop critical thinking ability.
39、What happens when students are using the desktop of the new tech_________?
A．Every student has an individual tabletop.
B．Students use different tools to interact with each other.
C．The multi-touch function stimulates students.
D．The software installed automatically identifies different users.
40、How does the new tech work to improve student's mathematical learning_________?
A．It helps fast learners to learn faster.
B．It makes teacher's instruction unnecessary.
C．It enables them to work together.
D．It allows the whole class to learn at the same pace.
41、根据材料，回答41-55问题。
On the Trial of the Honey Badger
On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learn a lot more abouthoney badgers. The team employed a local wildlife expert Kitso Khama to help them locate andfollow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers' movements andbehavior as discreetly (谨慎地) as possible without frightening them away or causing them tochange their natural behavior. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up beforereleasing them in view of the animal's reputation; this was something that even Khama wasreluctant to do.
"The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially whenthey see something new," he says. "That, combined with their uNPRedictable nature, can be adangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they won't be shy about comingright up to you for something to eat. They're actually quite sociable creatures around humans,but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious (凶恶的). Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen. "
The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgersate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by mostother animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by theanimal's fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Preciouslyresearchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey (猎物). Theteam also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formedloose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research,including the fact that female badgers never socialized with each other.
Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distancesin a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers.Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fightsover an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as theyare towards other species.
As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the chanceto get up close to them without being the subject of the animal's curiosity--or suddenaggression. The badgers' eating patterns, which had been disrupted, to normal. It also allowedthe team to observe more closely some of the other creatures that form working associations withthe honey badger, as these seemed to badgers' relaxed attitude when near humans.
Why did the wild life experts visit the Kalahari Desert________?
A．To find where honey badgers live.
B．To catch some honey badgers for food.
C．To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.
D．To observe how honey badgers behave.
42、What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers________?
A．They are always looking for food.
B．They do not enjoy human company.
C．It is common for them to attack people.
D．They show interest in things they are not familiar with.
43、What did the team find out about honey badgers________?
A．There were some creatures they did not eat.
B．They were afraid of poisonous creatures.
C．Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.
D．They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.
44、Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers________?
A．They don't run very quickly.
B．They defend their territory from other badgers.
C．They hunt over a very large area.
D．They are more aggressive than females.
45、What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them________?
A．They lost interest in people.
B．They became less aggressive towards other creatures.
C．They started eating more.
D．Other animals started working with them.
31、根据材料，回答31-45问题。
Forecasting Methods
There are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The methodforecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of informationavailable to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and thedegree of accuracy or confidence needed in the forecast.
The first of these methods is the persistence method; the simplest way of producing aforecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will notchange. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degree today, the persistence method predicts that itwill be sunny and 87 degree tomorrow. If two inches of rain fell today, the persistence methodwould predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions changesignificantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the bestforecasting method to use.
The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts,high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation. Using this information, theforecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. Forexample, if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250miles per day, suing the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. Thetrends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the samedirection for a long period of time. If they slow down, speed up, change intensity, or changedirection, the trends forecast will probably not work as well.
The climatology method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This methodinvolves averaging weather statistics accumulated over many years to make the forecast. Forexample, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for New York City onJuly 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July 4thand take an average. The climatology method only works well when the weather pattern issimilar to that expected for the chosen time of year. if the pattern is quite unusual for the giventime of year, the climatology method will often fail.
The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. Itinvolves examining today's forecast scenario and remembering a day in the past when theweather scenario looked very similar ( an analog). The forecaster would predict that the weatherin this forecast will behave the same as it did in the past. The analog method is difficult to usebecause it is virtually impossible to find a predict analog. Various weather features rarely align themselves in the same locations they were in the previous time. Even small differences betweenthe current time andre analog can lead to very different results.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in choosing a forecasting method__________?
A．Necessary amount of information.
B．Degree of difficulty involved in forecasting.
C．Practical knowledge of the forecaster.
D．Creativity of the forecaster.
32、The persistence method fails to work well when__________
A．it is rainy
B．it is sunny
C．weather conditions stay stable
D．weather conditions change greatly
33、The trends method works well when
A．weather features are constant for a long period of time
B．weather features are defined well enough
C．predictions on precipitation are accurate
D．the speed and direction of movement are predictable
34、The analog method should not be used in making a weather forecast when__________
A．the analog looks complicated
B．the current weather scenario is different from the analog
C．the analog is more than 10 years old
D．the current weather scenario is exactly the same as the analog
35、Historical weather data are necessary in__________
A．the persistence method and the trends method
B．the trends method and the climatology method
C．the climatology method and the analog method
D．the persistence method and the analog method
36、根据材料，回答36-50问题。
Students Learn Better with Touehsereen Desks
Observe the criticisms of nearly any major public education system in the world, and a fewof the many complaints are more or less universal. Technology moves faster than the educationsystem. Teachers must teach at the pace of the slowest student rather than the fastest. And--particularly in the United States--grade school children as a group don't care much for, or excelat, mathematics. So it' s heartening to learn that a new kind of "classroom of the future" showspromise at mitigating some of these problems, starting with that fundamental piece of classroom furniture: the desk.
AUK study involving roughly 400 students, mostly aged 8-10 years, and a new generationof multi-touch, multi-user, computerized desktop surfaces is showing that over the last threeyears the technology has appreciably boosted students' math skills compared to peers learning thesame material via the conventional paper-and-pencil method. How? Through collaboration,mostly, as well as by giving teachers better tools by which to micromanage individual studentswho need some extra instruction while allowing the rest of the class to continue moving forward.Science, Clay Dillow, classroom of the future, education, engineering, math,mathematics, Synergy Net Traditional instruction still shows respectable efficacy at increasingstudents fluency in mathematics, essentially through memorization and practice--dull, repetitivepractice. But the researchers have concluded that these new touch screen desks boost bothfluency and flexibility--the critical thinking skills that allow students to solve complex problemsnot simply through knowing formulas and devices, but by being able to figure out what there allproblem is and the most effective means of stripping it down and solving it.
One reason for this, the researchers say, is the multi-touch aspect of the technology.Students working in the next-gen classroom can work together at the same tabletop, each ofthem contributing and engaging with the problem as part of a group. Known as Synergy Net,the software uses computer vision systems that see in the infrared spectrum to distinguishbetween different touches on different parts of the surface, allowing students to access and usetools on the screen, move objects and visual aids around on their desktops, and otherwisephysically interact with the numbers and information on their screens. By using these screenscollaboratively, the researchers say, the students are to some extent teaching themselves as thosewith a stronger grasp on difficult concepts pull other students forward along with them.
Which of the following statements is NOT true of the public education system_________?
A．It does not,catch up with the development of technology.
B．Teachers pay more attention to fast learners than slow learners.
C．Some similar complaints about it are heard in different countries.
D．Many students are not good at learning mathematics.
37、What has been found after the new tech is employed_________?
A．Teachers are able to give individualized attention to students in need.
B．Students become less active in learning mathematics.
C．Students show preference to the conventional paper-and-pencil method.
D．The gap between slow learners and fast learners gets more noticeable.
38、What is the benefit student get from the new tech_________?
A．It makes them more fluent in public speech,
B．It offers them more flexibility in choosing courses.
C．It is effective in helping them solve physical problems.
D．It enables them to develop critical thinking ability.
39、What happens when students are using the desktop of the new tech_________?
A．Every student has an individual tabletop.
B．Students use different tools to interact with each other.
C．The multi-touch function stimulates students.
D．The software installed automatically identifies different users.
40、How does the new tech work to improve student's mathematical learning_________?
A．It helps fast learners to learn faster.
B．It makes teacher's instruction unnecessary.
C．It enables them to work together.
D．It allows the whole class to learn at the same pace.
41、根据材料，回答41-55问题。
On the Trial of the Honey Badger
On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learn a lot more abouthoney badgers. The team employed a local wildlife expert Kitso Khama to help them locate andfollow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers' movements andbehavior as discreetly (谨慎地) as possible without frightening them away or causing them tochange their natural behavior. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up beforereleasing them in view of the animal's reputation; this was something that even Khama wasreluctant to do.
"The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially whenthey see something new," he says. "That, combined with their uNPRedictable nature, can be adangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they won't be shy about comingright up to you for something to eat. They're actually quite sociable creatures around humans,but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious (凶恶的). Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen. "
The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgersate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by mostother animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by theanimal's fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Preciouslyresearchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey (猎物). Theteam also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formedloose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research,including the fact that female badgers never socialized with each other.
Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distancesin a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers.Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fightsover an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as theyare towards other species.
As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the chanceto get up close to them without being the subject of the animal's curiosity--or suddenaggression. The badgers' eating patterns, which had been disrupted, to normal. It also allowedthe team to observe more closely some of the other creatures that form working associations withthe honey badger, as these seemed to badgers' relaxed attitude when near humans.
Why did the wild life experts visit the Kalahari Desert________?
A．To find where honey badgers live.
B．To catch some honey badgers for food.
C．To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.
D．To observe how honey badgers behave.
42、What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers________?
A．They are always looking for food.
B．They do not enjoy human company.
C．It is common for them to attack people.
D．They show interest in things they are not familiar with.
43、What did the team find out about honey badgers________?
A．There were some creatures they did not eat.
B．They were afraid of poisonous creatures.
C．Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.
D．They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.
44、Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers________?
A．They don't run very quickly.
B．They defend their territory from other badgers.
C．They hunt over a very large area.
D．They are more aggressive than females.
45、What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them________?
A．They lost interest in people.
B．They became less aggressive towards other creatures.
C．They started eating more.
D．Other animals started working with them.
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