2016年职称英语综合类B级阅读理解历年真题及解析

　　2014年真题

　　第一篇

　　The Making of a Success Story

　　IKEA is the world's largest furniture retailer, and the man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world's most successful entrepreneurs. Born in Sweden in 1926, Kamprad was a natural businessman. As a child, he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches,seeds, and pencils in his community. When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades. Naturally he used it to start up a business-- IKEA.

　　IKEA's name comes from Kamprad's initials (I.K.) and the place where he grew up ("E" and"A"). Today IKEA is known for its modem, minimalist furniture, but it was not a furniture company in the beginning. Rather, IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods. Kamprad's wares included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices, including watches, pens and stockings.

　　IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. The furniture was all designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprad's home. Initial sales were very encouraging,so Kamprad expanded the product line. Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.

　　In 1953 IKEA opened its first showroom in Almhult, Sweden. IKEA is known today for its spacious stores with furniture in attractive settings, but in the early 1950s, people ordered from catalogues. Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelming: people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it. This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive. By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture.

　　In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport. Kamprad was inspired. The man had given him a great idea: fiat packaging. Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers. IKEA tried it and sales soared. The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves, but over time, even this grew into an advantage for IKEA. Nowadays, IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency.

　　This image has done wonders for the company, leading to better sales and continued expansion.

　　Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries. Amazingly, Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-held company. In 2004 he was named the world's richest man. He currently lives in Switzerland and is retired from the day-to-day operations of IKEA. IKEA itself, though,just keeps on growing.

　　31. Kamprad established IKEA with__________.

　　A. his personal savings.

　　B. his father's reward for his school performance.

　　C. large profits from selling things.

　　D. his school's support.

　　32. The author states in Paragraph 5 that flat packaging__________.

　　A. needs large space to assembly furniture,

　　B. is a business concept inspired by Kamprad.

　　C. helps reduce transportation costs.

　　D. makes the company self-sufficient.

　　33. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

　　A. IKEA experienced rapid expansion since the late 1950s.

　　B. IKEA designed its own products since 1955.

　　C. IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods originally.

　　D. Kamprad sold his company after retirement.

　　34.What is the author's attitude towards IKEA's future?

　　A. Indifferent.

　　B. Doubtful.

　　C. Optimistic.

　　D. Pessimistic.

　　35. The passage is developed primarily in terms of__________.

　　A. analysis of a process.

　　B. examples that illustrate a problem.

　　C. comparison and contrast.

　　D. sequence events.

　　第二篇

　　Approaches to Understanding Intelligences

　　It bays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way. You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different. Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities. Psychologists have two different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence. Others believe there are many different intelligences.

　　Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.

　　These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests. They do well on tests using words,numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests. Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.

　　Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence. The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving. The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction. Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.

　　Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children. He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test. Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling. He think that the human mind has different intelligences. These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life. Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences. Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.

　　Gardner says that his theory is based on biology. For example, when one part of the Brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work. People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing. So, there is not just one intelligence to lose. Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence: linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic (身体动觉的) , and naturalistic.

　　36. What is the main idea of this passage?

　　A. How to understand intelligence.

　　B. The importance of intelligence.

　　C. The development of intelligence tests.

　　D. How to become intelligent.

　　37. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?

　　A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.

　　B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.

　　C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.

　　D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.

　　38. Gardner believes that__________.

　　A. children have different intelligences.

　　B. all children are alike.

　　C. children should take one intelligence test.

　　D. there is no general intelligence.

　　39. According to Gardner, schools should__________.

　　A. test students' IQs.

　　B. train students who do poorly on tests.

　　C. focus on finding the most intelligent students.

　　D. promote development of all intelligences.

　　40. Gardner thinks that his theory has a__________.

　　A. musical foundation.

　　B. biological foundation.

　　C. intrapersonal foundation.

　　D. linguistic foundation.

　　第三篇

　　The Workers' Role in Management

　　Traditionally, it has been the workers' role to work and management's role to manage.

　　Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought to consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled to obtain the workers' opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided "suggestion boxes" in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor--they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore,major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then play a stronger role in management?

　　Workers should have a role in management. At the very least the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. (A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.) Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs, often with no warning. At least 90 days- notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust.

　　Management should consult workers before closing a plant because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.

　　It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making.

　　There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvements, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive they must be given a share in the company's profits. This can be done through employee stock ownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.

　　41. It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that managers__________.

　　A. were not qualified.

　　B. seldom obtain workers'opinion.

　　C. dislike suggestion workers opinions.

　　D. never consulted the labor force.

　　42. In recent years, many management specialists have been arguing they__________.

　　A. should have a say in management of the company.

　　B. are no longer sellers of the products.

　　C. are less affected by company decisions than before.

　　D. are able to make final decisions for the company.

　　43. The word "rank-and-file" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to__________.

　　A. senior.

　　B. ordinary.

　　C. intelligent.

　　D. capable.

　　44. According to the passage, what happened between 1980 and 1985?

　　A. About five million workers were laid off without advance notice.

　　B. Managers consulted workers before closing a plant.

　　C. Workers did not make necessary concession.

　　D. Many companies were closed because of strikes.

　　45. If not given a voice in managerial decision making, workers__________.

　　A. may lack the incentive to increase their productivity.

　　B. cannot get a share in the company's profits.

　　C. can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivity.

　　D. will not have the opportunity to purchase the plant.