英语四级英译汉命题规律
"英译汉"是从1996年1月起在大学六年级考试中准备采用的新题型之一,但至今未在考试中出现过。对近年六级试题的研究表明,没有出过的题并不代表不考,作为新题型的一种,英译汉是必须掌握的内容,每年都有可能采用这个题型,因此,考生必须对此作好充分的准备。
"英译汉"考题安排在阅读理解部分之后,每次考试共5题,分别从阅读理解部分的4篇文章中选择一至两个句子组成一题,每题约20 30个单词。考试时间为15分钟。考试时考生可参阅阅读理解部分的有关文章,以便了解上下文。
下面是"英译汉"样题及参考答案:
Directions:In this part,there are five items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences.These sentences are all taken from the reading Passages you have just read in the Third Part of the Test Paper.You are allowed 15 minutes to do the translation.
You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.1.(Line 1~2,Para.2,Passage
1)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.
届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车,一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规),监控器就会令其停驶。
本题属于包含定语从句的复合句。句子框架为:There will be television chat shows…,and cars with pollution monitors…that从句修饰pollution monitors。when引导状语从句。
2.(Line 2~3,Para.1,Passage 2)
Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.
在现代条件下,这需要不同程度的中央控制措施,从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专家的协助。
本题属于简单句。句子框架是this requires various measures of centralized control and…the help of specialized scientists such as…。本句比较简单。
需要注意的是:require有两个宾语。第2个宾语是the help。在翻译时需要加上"获得"二字。measure 在这里是"程度,幅度,限度"的意思。varying measures可译成"程度不同"。
3.(Line 2~3,Para.1,Passage 3)
But even more important,it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past,for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.更为重要的是,这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象,因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
本句为典型的长句。主干为主句+for引导的原因状语从句。不过,主句中含定语从句,修饰表语;状语从句中又含主语从句和修饰表语的定语从句。关键词为pattern,本句中应译为"形状,形态"。另外,billion到底是多少,要弄清楚。
4.(Line 2~3,para.1,Passage 4)
Actually,it isnt,because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights,which is something the world does not have
事实并非如此,因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为前提的,而这种共识并不存在。本句为主从复合句。主语很简单,但because引导的状语从句中又含宾语从句,该宾语从句中又含非限定性定语从句。关键词:assume假定,以……为前提;agreed account一致的认识。
5.(Line 5~6,Para.1,Passage 4)
When that happens,it is not a mistake:it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action,an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
这种反应没什么错:这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应得到鼓励,而不应遭到嘲弄。
冒号前面的部分看似简单,但翻译时一定要注意"通顺"或者说合乎汉语习惯的原则。
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