2014年12月英语四六级翻译核心语法巩固
改革后的英语四六级翻译难度加大自是不言而喻,但是以前翻译中常考的重要知识点在现在的段落翻译中仍然值得我们重视,语法知识相对比较固定,考查起来又比较细致,考生必须面面俱到,除了熟练掌握常考重要语法知识,一些细枝末节的知识点也不能放过,从一开始我们学习英语,语法学习就一直没有间断过,但是针对英语四六级考试,我们还要对语法知识进行系统的复习与巩固,将以前所学的所有语法知识串联起来,打下坚实的基础。
为了方便各位考生在新学期开学、英语四六级复习伊始阶段对以往学习的语法有个全面的了解,考试吧特为大家整理了这篇英语四六级翻译核心语法其中的虚拟语气知识,希望大家认真掌握,为后期的复习打好基础。
虚拟语气:与事实相反的
一、主语从句:
1、it is +adj\n that + 虚拟
2、it is +done(表示建议、要求)that + 虚拟
二、宾语从句:
1、I suggest(表示命令;建议;请求) that …… shoule +do…… (在虚拟语气中,shoule have done = ought to have done,其他时候should 不等于ought to)
2、I wish that ……(用虚拟语气)
三、目的状语:
Lest或者for fear that + (虚拟语气)should do
四、 if从句: 即 主句……, if 从句……
1、倒装代替if从句:Had\Were\Should ……,主句……
2、but for = without(如果不是)代替if从句, 两个都是介词 But for \without + 名词 ,主句……
3、with + 名词 ,主句 ……
4、if only + (if 从句) 要是……该多好
五、隐藏虚拟语气:本打算做但结果没有做的
1、had hoped\intended\planned\expected\wanted\meant to do
2、hoped to have done
3、be(was\were) + to have done 4、would\should like to have done
Would have done 表意愿、将来
Should have done 竟然做了、本应该做的 Could have done 有能力做 Might have done 表示猜测
Need have done 本来需要做的却没有做 主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气
有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作,发生的时间不一致,这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如:
1. 从句表示将来,主句表示过去:
⑴、If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night.
2. 从句表示过去,主句表示将来:
⑴、If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
⑵、If we hadn' t made adequate preparations, we shouldn' t dare to do the experiment next week。
3.从句表示将来,主句表示现在:
⑴、If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.
4.从句表示过去,主句表示现在。
⑴、If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
⑵、If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.
5.从句表示过去,主句表示过去和现在
⑴、If you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.
在不少情况下,虚拟式已变成习惯说法,很难找出其暗含的条件。
(1) 、You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。
(2) 、I would like to come. 我愿意来。
(3) 、I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的。
(4) 、He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将那事讲的非常仔细,简直就象他亲眼看见一样。
6.从句表示现在,主句表示过去
⑴、If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你,我就去参加她的生日晚会了。(从句说明现在,主句说明过去。)