2019年12月英语四级翻译答案及点评试卷三

卷三  中国家庭姓氏

中国汉族人的全名由姓和名。中文姓名的特点是，姓总是在前，名跟在其后，千百年来，父姓一直世代相传。然而，如今，孩子跟母姓并不罕见。一般来说，名有一个或两个汉字，通常承载父母对孩子的愿望。从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为什么样的人，或者预期他们过什么样的生活。父母非常重视给孩子取名，因为名字往往会伴随孩子一生。 （157字/6句话）

The full name of a Han Chinese is combined by his or her family name and given name. A feature in Chinese names is that people’s family names often come before their given names. For thousands of years, the father’s family names have been passed down through generations. However, today it is not uncommon to see a child to have his or her mother’s family name. Generally speaking, a given name contains one or two Chinese characters, which shows parents’ good wishes to their child. From a given name, we can infer what kind of person parents expect their child to be, or what kind of life they expect their child to have. Therefore, Chinese parents pay a lot of attention to naming their child because names will accompany the child’s life.

1. 难词翻译

中国汉族人

the Han Chinese；(Chinese) Han people; Hanzu

姓

family name; surname

名

given name

父姓

the father’s family name

汉字

Chinese characters

2. 长句断句

中文姓名的特点是，姓总是在前，名跟在其后，// 千百年来，父姓一直世代相传。

A feature in Chinese names is that people’s family names often come before their given names. For thousands of years, the father’s family names have been passed down through generations.

本次翻译难度适中，其中卷二（家庭教育）难度偏低。

许多词在课堂上均出现过，如：春节（the Spring Festival）、中秋节（Mid-Autumn Festival）、繁荣（prosperity），汉字（Chinese characters）。由于/随着……，越来越多的……。 （With/As… a growing number of …）、不仅……而且……（not only…but also…）、……并不少见（It is not uncommon to see …）。

除此之外，一些难度较大的词也可以用到课上所讲的同义替换、解释等方法来处理：名牌大学（famous/renowned/reputable universities），承载（显示，表达等，show, convey），四代同堂（four generations live together）等。

其次，句型的处理方法也大多用到课上讲过的技巧处理。比如，长句往往可以截短进行翻译：“中文姓名的特点是，姓总是在前，名跟在其后，千百年来，父姓一直世代相传。”可以改写为“中文姓名的特点是，姓总是在前，名跟在其后。千百年来，父姓一直世代相传。” A feature in Chinese names is that people’s family names often come before their given names. For thousands of years, the father’s family names have been passed down through generations. 再比如，难句可同意替换后再翻译：“和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羡慕。”可以简化为“人们曾羡慕（或渴望/希望拥有）和睦（或快乐）的大家庭。”People used to wish to have a big happy family.

总之，只要课上所讲到的技巧大家都熟练掌握了，翻译部分得到12分左右应该是没有问题的。而要追求近乎满分的话，则对考生的中英文功底都会有较大的挑战。