和谐英语

2009年英语四级热门单词 第十一期

2009-03-12来源:和谐英语
  ★¨ foundation
  n. ①【pl.】地基
  ∠The workers are laying the foundations of a building.工人们正在给房子打地基。
  ②基础,基本原理,根据
  ∠The rumour is without foundation in fact.
  ③基金会
  ∠non-profit foundation公益基金
  ④建立,设立,创办
  ∠The foundation of P.R.China was in 1949.中华人民共和国建立于1949年。
  → found(词根)基础〓foundation基础,地基;成立,建立,创办
  ★¨ involve
  vt. ①包含,含有
  ∠Taking this job involves living abroad.接受这份工作就必须去国外居住。
  ②使卷入,使参与
  ∠This project is so complicated that hundreds of people will be involved in the whole range of work.这项工程如此复杂,以致成百上千的人将参加到工作的全过程中去。
  ③牵涉 我要收藏
  ∠The changes in the business involve the interests of all stock owners.营业上的变化要牵涉所有股东的利益。
  → involve的被动形式表上“卷入…,专心做…,牵涉到…”,其形式为be (get) involved in; involve 后接动名词时表示“涉及…”,其形式为involve doing sth.
  ∠Not long ago, a person whom I know very well was involved in an accident.
  不久前,我的一位熟人卷入勒一场纠纷中。
  → volve(词根)转,卷〓involve卷入,陷入
  ★¨ lightning
  n. 闪电
  ∠lightning arrester 避雷器| lightning bug <美> 萤火虫
  ★¨ leak
  v. ①(使)漏,(使)渗出
  ∠a damaged reactor leaking radioactivity into the atmosphere一座损坏的向大气泄露放射性物质的反应堆
  ②泄露,走漏
  ∠The policeman leaked classified information to a reporter.警察将机密情报透露给勒记者。
  n. ①漏洞,裂缝
  ∠A small leak will sink a great ship.小患不治成大灾。
  ②泄漏,漏出量
  ∠equipment used in cleaning up oil leaks用来清除漏油的设备 我要收藏
  ③(消息等的)走漏
  ∠Sometimes we can’t respond to stories based on leaks.有时候我们不该对泄漏出去的消息做出反应。
  ★¨ behavior
  n.①行为,举止,表现
  ∠artificial behavior 矫揉造作的举止
  ②(机器等的)运转情况,(事物的)反应
  ∠The ship’s behavior was satisfactory on its trial run.那艘船在试航时运转情况令人满意。  
  ★¨ community
  n. ①社区,社会
  ∠He belongs to the Chinese community in Ottawa.他是渥太华华人社区的一份子。
  ②团体,界
  ∠She joined the community of retired persons in 2001.她于2001年加入勒这个退休人员社团。
  ③(动植物的)群落
  ∠animal community动物群落.
  → muni(词根) 服务〓community社区  
  ★¨ maintain
  vt. ①维持,保持(同义:remain, keep, hold, preserve; 反义:abandon) 我要收藏
  ∠Only on unusual occasions do the police carry small arms to maintain public order.只有在非常情况下,警察才会携带小型武器维持公共秩序。
  ②维修,保养
  ∠The railway is maintained with public funds.这条铁路靠公款养护。
  ③坚持,主张
  ∠Each driver maintains that the accident was the other’s fault.每个司机都坚持认为事故是对方的责任。
  ④ 赡养;负担
  ∠This poor old woman had to maintain the high lifestyle of her son until he started a job.这位不幸的老妇人不得不在她儿子找到工作之前一直供养他。
  需要注意:                  
  ※ behavior 指行为,品行,态度。指有意或无意的行为、举止或活动,可以视为是个性的自然表现,也可认为是培养的结果。
  ∠A recent investigation by scientists shows that strange animal behavior might help predict earthquakes.
  最近科学家们的调查表明,动物的反常行为可能有助于预测地震。
  ※ conduct 指行为,表现,进行,管理。这种行为含有较深的道德责任的意味,因而指品行,而behavior则可用于指动物乃至物质的行为、活动。
  ∠The prisoner was released early because of good conduct.这罪犯因表现良好而被提前释放。
  ※ manner 指举止,态度,方式,风格,礼貌。指做某事及某事发生的方式、途径,待人接物的举止或态度。多用单数,复数往往表示礼貌
  ∠He has a very rude manner which keeps himself away from other people.他举止粗鲁,使得人们不愿和他接近。