大学英语四级阅读理解综述

　　第一部分：概述
　　第一节：《大学英语教学大纲》（修订本）阅读能力基本要求
　　第二节：《大学英语四级或共性，以及得出的观察结果或印象。
　　例4
　　British and American universities are similar in their pursuit of knowledge as a goal but are quite different in their organization and operation. English universities and colleges are relatively small. American universities, which combine a number of different colleges and professional schools, are large, sometimes with 20,000 to 25,000 students on one campus. Teacher training colleges and polytechnics（工艺专科学校）are alternatives to the university course for some students in England, being established for specific purposes.
　　In contrast, virtually all schools of education, engineering and business studies, are integral （完整的）parts of universities in the United States. In England, universities receive about 70% of their financial support through Parliamentary （国会的） grants. Similarly, in the
　　United States, public institutions receive about 75% of their funds from local, state, and federal sources, but private colleges and universities receive little or no government support.
　　In England, personal finacial aid is provided by the government to over 80% of the students, through local education authorities, according to the parents’ income. In the U.S., student aid is given by the university or the sponsoring agency and is provided by private organizations and the state or federal governments. Obviously, British and American universities have similar educational aims but different means for achieving these aims.
　　Q: From the passage we learn that________.
　　A) the goal of education between British and American universities are quite different
　　B) the ways of running the universities are quite different between England and America
　　C) the British universities include a lot of colleges
　　D) the American universities include a lot of organizations
　　本文主要通过对照来说明英国大学与美国大学的不同点。第一句除指出它们都是以传授知识作为目标这一共同点之外，主要概述它们的不同点，即在学校的组织和管理上有很大的区别。为说明这一看法（即段落的主题思想），作者随即陈述若干细节，包括学校的规模、教学组织结构、办学经费的“世界人口的平均密度”、“不同国家的不同人口”，都没有准确点到题。至于D）项， “人民和国家”，则太笼统，也不切题。
　　没有主题句的段落，如上一段，主要通过对细节的陈述含蓄地表现段落的主题思想。即使段落中有的句子表述的内容具有概括性，但不是演绎的前提，也不是归纳的结果，仍属细节或仅起引介主题的作用。
　　对于无主题句的段落，不可能采用辩认主题句的方法来获取段落的主题思想。这里，宜采用酝酿段落题要或标题的方法，把不同的细节所集中论述的要点概括出来。
　　尽管不一定达到主题句那样完整，但只要切合段落的主题，即可表达该段的主题思想。
　　使用这种方法，要求读者在正确理解所有细节的基础上，发挥自己的逻辑概括能力。
　　3.1.2 辩认主题展开的重要细节(Recognizing Primary Supporting Details)
　　细节是组成文章的主体部分，是用来阐明主旨大意的，或者说，是用来支撑主题思想的。要注意识别句子的功能及文中的承接语，以便充分理解文章的主旨及具体细节和事实。