英语四级阅读 Chinese inspectors patrol jails to prevent torture of detainees
2009-02-10来源:
From March to September last year, 48-year-old Li Guizhi visited the detention house of the Liaoyuan City in northwestern Jilin Province five times, asking detainees whether they had been tortured.
Her question list also included: "Do you know you have the right to ask lawyers?", "Do you have enough food every day?", "Are you taken to see a doctor when you are not well?".
Li, a community director of the Nankang Street of the Longshan District of Liaoyuan, was in her spare time a public inspector of detention houses. It means she could randomly select time to visit local jails and randomly choose detainees to talk to.
She was also entitled to inspect the jails' condition and examine the jails' records so as to ensure that custody procedures were in line with the law and detainees were not treated inhumanely.
As the first pilot city of the detention inspection system in China, Liaoyuan had 20 public inspectors like Li. They were doctors, teachers, entrepreneurs, civil servants or community workers. Meanwhile, they were either local legislators, political advisors or "people's supervisors", a voluntary post to oversee jurisdiction. They were recommended to be selected as public inspectors thanks to their legislation or public working experience.
These inspectors who had received legal training would put forward proposals for improvements after each tour of the detention house which, therefore, would be obliged to ameliorate its living or working conditions accordingly.
This year, the pilot program continued to be unfolded in Jinzhong of northern Shanxi Province and Zhang Jiagang of eastern Jiangsu Province. More cities would be added to the list.
The Research Center of Litigation System and Judicial Reform under the Beijing-based Renmin University of China was the organizer of the program in China.
Sponsored by the European Union, the program was part of a package of cooperation agreements in political, legal, cultural and economic fields. Legal cooperation between China and Europe covers areas such as the death penalty, anti-torture and professional training of judges and prosecutors.
Chen Weidong, a professor with the Renmin University who was in charge of the program, told Xinhua that treatment of detainees, to some extent, reflected the level of protection of the public's rights and interests.
"Through the introduction of public supervision, which is more independent, to oversee the detention place exercising its power, the system is conducive to ensuring that prisoners are treated in accordance with the law," he said.
China signed the United Nations Convention against Torture in Dec. 1986 which ensured that torture was a criminal offence. "Parties must promptly investigate any allegation of torture, and victims of torture must have an enforceable right to compensation," it said.
In addition, the UN passed in 2002 the Optional Protocol to the Convention, which encourages the establishment of an international inspection system for places of detention.
Currently, more than 20 countries, mainly European nations, have set up the system. Many other developed countries, including the United States, have not established such a system.
According to the Chinese law, law makers and political advisors were entitled to patrol detention places, reflecting parliament's and political advisory bodies' supervision over administrative organs.
Over the past few years, Chinese procuratorates had set up the "people's supervisor" system, in a bid to prevent injustice amid law execution. Most procuratorates of the country had selected people's supervisors.
However, the Supreme People's Procuratorate statistics show Chinese procuratorates punished 930 government workers in 2006 who illegally took people into custody and extorted confessions by torture.
Chen said in the past, supervision was mainly institutional, such as recording and videotaping, and asking lawyers to be present, when interrogating suspects.
"Public supervision, which we currently advocate, enables the public to gain a close and independent observance of the detention places, the result of which is more convincing and can help improve China's image in protecting human rights," he added.
Her question list also included: "Do you know you have the right to ask lawyers?", "Do you have enough food every day?", "Are you taken to see a doctor when you are not well?".
Li, a community director of the Nankang Street of the Longshan District of Liaoyuan, was in her spare time a public inspector of detention houses. It means she could randomly select time to visit local jails and randomly choose detainees to talk to.
She was also entitled to inspect the jails' condition and examine the jails' records so as to ensure that custody procedures were in line with the law and detainees were not treated inhumanely.
As the first pilot city of the detention inspection system in China, Liaoyuan had 20 public inspectors like Li. They were doctors, teachers, entrepreneurs, civil servants or community workers. Meanwhile, they were either local legislators, political advisors or "people's supervisors", a voluntary post to oversee jurisdiction. They were recommended to be selected as public inspectors thanks to their legislation or public working experience.
These inspectors who had received legal training would put forward proposals for improvements after each tour of the detention house which, therefore, would be obliged to ameliorate its living or working conditions accordingly.
This year, the pilot program continued to be unfolded in Jinzhong of northern Shanxi Province and Zhang Jiagang of eastern Jiangsu Province. More cities would be added to the list.
The Research Center of Litigation System and Judicial Reform under the Beijing-based Renmin University of China was the organizer of the program in China.
Sponsored by the European Union, the program was part of a package of cooperation agreements in political, legal, cultural and economic fields. Legal cooperation between China and Europe covers areas such as the death penalty, anti-torture and professional training of judges and prosecutors.
Chen Weidong, a professor with the Renmin University who was in charge of the program, told Xinhua that treatment of detainees, to some extent, reflected the level of protection of the public's rights and interests.
"Through the introduction of public supervision, which is more independent, to oversee the detention place exercising its power, the system is conducive to ensuring that prisoners are treated in accordance with the law," he said.
China signed the United Nations Convention against Torture in Dec. 1986 which ensured that torture was a criminal offence. "Parties must promptly investigate any allegation of torture, and victims of torture must have an enforceable right to compensation," it said.
In addition, the UN passed in 2002 the Optional Protocol to the Convention, which encourages the establishment of an international inspection system for places of detention.
Currently, more than 20 countries, mainly European nations, have set up the system. Many other developed countries, including the United States, have not established such a system.
According to the Chinese law, law makers and political advisors were entitled to patrol detention places, reflecting parliament's and political advisory bodies' supervision over administrative organs.
Over the past few years, Chinese procuratorates had set up the "people's supervisor" system, in a bid to prevent injustice amid law execution. Most procuratorates of the country had selected people's supervisors.
However, the Supreme People's Procuratorate statistics show Chinese procuratorates punished 930 government workers in 2006 who illegally took people into custody and extorted confessions by torture.
Chen said in the past, supervision was mainly institutional, such as recording and videotaping, and asking lawyers to be present, when interrogating suspects.
"Public supervision, which we currently advocate, enables the public to gain a close and independent observance of the detention places, the result of which is more convincing and can help improve China's image in protecting human rights," he added.
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