英语四级六级阅读常见考点解析（6）：推断题

(1)推断题表现形式及应对方法

第一种：题干信息明示型

一般这类推断题题干中会包含：

suggest，imply，indicate，conclude，infer，learn from等。

出题形式：

We can infer / assume that…

It can be concluded from the passage that…

The author of the passage would most likely imply…

The passage suggests that…

It can be learned that…

应对方法：先看题干和选项，再回相应的原文，先理解后推理。

第二种：题干信息不明示型

应对方法：一定要再原文中找到依据，根据主题推理。

注意与整篇文章的思想、风格等保持一致。

选项设置往往是同义转化。

(2)真题示例：

例1：（题干明示型）

At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy.Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality? (2011.6, cet6)

52. What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A. Whether immigrants are good or bad for the economy has been puzzling economists.

B. The American economy used to thrive on immigration but now it's a different story.

C. The consensus among economists is that immigration should not be encouraged.

D. The general public thinks differently from most economists on the impact of immigration.

【答案】D

【解析】这里指出，美国大众绝大多数认为移民对经济的影响是不好的。然而，大多数经济学家却一致认为，不管是合法还是非法移民，都为经济带来了小幅的净增长。由此可见，对于移民经济的影响问题，大众多多数经济学家存在分歧，故答案为D。

例2：（题干不明示型）

Some analysts(分析师) are less sure. Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer. When asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied : “Not that I’m aware of .” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But –thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be. (2009.6, cet4)

61. What does the author think of green fashion?

A. Green products will soon go mainstream.

B. It has a very promising future.

C. Consumers have the final say.

D. It will appeal more to young people.

【答案】B

【解析】文章中提到，Natalie Hormilla这样的消费者脑中现在还没有环保时尚的概念，接着最后一句通过but 转折指出，但是有了设计师、零售商和供应商的共同努力，有一天，环保时尚会进入消费者的头脑中（will be 后面省略了on her mind），由此可推知，作者认为绿色环保服装前途光明，故答案为B，其中的future对应one day.

做题时间：

There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.

A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market premium to skill”—or the amount college graduates earned that’s greater than what high-school graduate earned—decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance (报复性地) since the 1980s. In 2005, The typical full-time year-roundU.S.worker with a four-year college degree earned $50,900, 62% more than the $31,500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma.

There’s no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn’t come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going toColumbiaUniversity(tuition, room and board $49,260 in2007-08) yield a 40% greater return than attending theUniversityofColoradoatBoulderas an out-of-state student ($35,542)? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at theUniversityofColoradoatBoulderyield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17,380) there? Not likely.

No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren’t evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product—like a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider.

As with automobiles, consumers in today’s college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences (such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a great marine-biology program). And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students (or, more accurately, their parents) often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it? Is college an investment product like a stock or a consumer product like a car? In keeping with the automotive world’s hottest consumer trend, maybe it’s best to characterize it as a hybrid (混合动力汽车); an expensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends.

What is the chief consideration when students choose a college today?

A．Their employment prospects after graduation.

B．A satisfying experience within their budgets.

C．Its facilities and learning environment.

D．Its ranking among similar institutions.

【答案】B

【解析】

考点出处：原文末段首句和第二句：As with automobiles, consumers in today’s college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences (such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a great marine-biology program).

该句指出，以购买汽车作比喻，指出人们会根据他们的预算情况寻找一所最舒适、最让他们满意的大学；第二句接着指出，人们也会花费更多的钱就读于不同的大学获得不同类型的体验。综合两句可知，学生选择就读学校时主要考虑两个因素：一是预算情况，二是体验不同类型的大学。

【本文主题】 本文主要介绍了人们对大学教育的两种看法：经济学家认为上大学是一种投资，而大部分的人认为上大学是一种消费。