英语四级六级阅读常见考点解析（7）：主旨题

(1)主旨题提问方式

The author’s concern about sth is__________.

According to the passage, sth is

According to the author, sth is __________.

温馨提醒：主旨题虽然所占比例比较小。但是由于往往需要读完全篇才能做出答案，相对其他题型反而不易得出答案。所以，要想阅读满分或高分，对主旨题的把握，不可小觑哦~

(2)主旨题解题方法

大部分文章都有主题句（topic sentence），主题句表达了文章的中心思想（main idea），找到了主题句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。因此，“主题句定位法”是解答主旨大意题的一种行之有效的方法。主题句呈现形式通常有以下几种：

A. 在开头出现；

B. 在结尾出现；

C. 在开头和结尾同时出现，首尾呼应；

有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。

(3)真题示例

We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own. But as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people , once outsiders , don’t forever remain marginalized within these shores.(cet6, 2008.12)

According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is_______.

A. how to deal with people entering the U.S. without documents

B. how to help immigrants to better fit into American society

C. how to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the border

D. how to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S.

【答案】B

【解析】主旨归纳题。原文提到：对于按照假想的种族优劣来排斥某些民众的愚蠢想法，我们早就已经非常熟悉。但是，我们并不了解如何才能使“美国化”这一进程对所有人都行之有效。由此推知，B正式作者最关心的问题。

【注意】主旨题一般都不会只根据某一句话就能做出题目。而是要根据几句话或者好几个点的文章知识汇总归纳后得出结论。所以，一旦察觉这道题是主旨题，不妨不要急着去做，先跳过，等读完全篇文章或做完所有题目再做主旨题。

Crippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.

Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. TheU.S.takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician.

A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries（老年医保受惠人）. The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don’t guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.

How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed (返还费用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease. Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income.

Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care.

Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduatedU.S.medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors.

How do we fix this problem?

It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳地) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving student loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries.

We’re at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade.

Who will be there to treat them?

The author’s chief concern about the current U.S. health care system is __________.

A. the inadequate training of physicians

B. the declining number of doctors

C. the shrinking primary care resources

D. the ever-rising health care costs

【答案】C

【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章首先指出美国的初级护理医师日益减少及初级护理行业的退步，然后分析了出现这一现象的原因，最后提出了解决问题的方法。由此不难看出，作者主要关注的问题是日益减少的初级护理资源。