冲刺四级高分：仔细阅读解题技巧（一）

一、 题型透析

本部分考查形式为：包括两篇短文，每篇短文约310~410词，每篇短文后有5个问题。

四级考试中阅读理解的体裁多样，包括议论文、说明文、记叙文等，其中以说明文（约占47%）和议论文（约占42%）居多。

阅读理解的题材主要涉及文化、教育、历史、文学、风俗习惯、社会学、心理学、经济学和科普类等。

从近几年的真题来看，

科普类的文章约占50%，

社会生活方面的文章约占25%，

教育、经济和文化等方面的文章约占25%。

二、 2大常考题型

大学英语四级考试阅读理解题型大体上可分为细节题和非细节题。

下面我们就对这两大类题型的特征分别进行详细的介绍。

1. 细节题

这类题侧重考查考生对短文中某一特定细节内容的理解，可分为事实题、推理题和语义题。

事实题测试考生获取说明主题的事实和细节的能力，其内容多涉及人物、地点、原因、数字等。

推理题测试考生根据阅读材料表层意义推断其隐含意义的能力，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，有理有据地推断出正确答案。

语义题测试考生对阅读材料中的关键词语及某些句子的理解能力，尤其是根据上下文猜测词汇和句子特殊含义的能力。

例 (四级真题）
Alex Pang’s amusing new book The Distraction Addiction addresses those of us who feel panic without a cellphone or computer. And that, he claims, is pretty much all of us. When we’re not online, where we spend four months annually, we’re engaged in the stressful work of trying to get online.
The Distraction Addiction is not framed as a self-help book. It’s a thoughtful examination of the dangers of our computing overdose and a historical overview of how technological advances change consciousness. A “professional futurist”, Pang urges an approach which he calls “contemplative (沉思的) computing.” He asks that you pay full attention to “how your mind and body interact with computers and how your attention and creativity are influenced by technology.”
Pang’s first job is to free you from the common misconception that doing two things at once allows you to get more done. What is commonly called multitasking is, in fact, switch-tasking, and its harmful effects on productivity are well documented. Pang doesn’t advocate returning to a pre-Internet world. Instead, he asks you to “take a more ecological (生态的) view of your relationships with technologies and look for ways devices or media may be making specific tasks easier or faster but at the same time making your work and life harder.”
The Distraction Addiction is particularly fascinating on how technologies have changed certain fields of labor-often for the worse. For architects, computer-aided design has become essential but in some ways has cheapened the design process. As one architect puts it, “Architecture is first and foremost about thinking…and drawing is a more productive way of thinking” than computer-aided design. Somewhat less amusing are Pang’s solutions for kicking the Internet habit. He recommends the usual behavior-modification approaches, familiar to anyone who has completed a quit-smoking program. Keep logs to study your online profile and decide what you can knock out, download a program like Freedom that locks you out of your browser, or take a “digital Sabbath (安息日)”. “Unless you’re a reporter or emergency-department doctor, you’ll discover that your world doesn’t fall apart when you go offline.”

1. Alex Pang’s new book is aimed for readers who ¬______.
A) find their work online too stressful
B) go online mainly for entertainment
C) are fearful about using the cellphone or computer
D) can hardly tear themselves away from the Internet

2. What does Alex Pang try to do in his new book?
A) Offer advice on how to use the Internet effectively.
B) Warn people of the possible dangers of Internet use.
C) Predict the trend of future technological development.
D) Examine the influence of technology on the human mind.

3. What is the common view on multitasking?
A) It enables people to work more efficiently.
B) It is in a way quite similar to switch-tasking.
C) It makes people’s work and life even harder.
D) It distracts people’s attention from useful work.

4. What does the author think of computer-aided design?
A) It considerably cuts down the cost of building design.
B) It somewhat restrains architects’ productive thinking.
C) It is indispensable in architects’ work process.
D) It can free architects from laborious drawing.

5. What is Alex Pang’s recommendation for Internet users?
A) They use the Internet as little as possible.
B) They keep a record of their computer use time.
C) They exercise self-control over their time online.
D) They entertain themselves online on off-days only.

这篇文章所设的五道题均为细节题，1、2和3是事实题，4、5是推理题。

从这几道题的答案我们可以发现此类题的普遍特征，即题干中的某些词语和表达方式与原文中的词语和表达方式相吻合，

这表明了原文中与问题相关的地方，考生可以直接查找；

同时，另一些问题则需要考生在理解原文的基础上进行推理才能得出。

2. 非细节题
这类题侧重考查考生对短文整体内容的把握，主要包括主旨题和态度题。

主旨题测试考生对文章主题及中心思想的把握能力。

态度题测试考生领会作者的语气、态度、情感倾向的能力。

例(四级真题）
Boys’ schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art，dance and music.
Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity（阳刚）， the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype， a US study says.
Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness，rather than feeling they had to conform to the “boy code” of hiding their emotions to be a “real man”.
The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.
Tony Little，headmaster of Eton，warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticised teachers for failing to recognise that boys are actually more emotional than girls.

Q: What does Tony Little say about the British education system?
A) It fails more boys than girls academically.
B) It focuses more on mixed school education.
C) It fails to give boys the attention they need.
D) It places more pressure on boys than on girls.

本题是观点态度题。

定位句指出：伊顿中学的校长托尼•雷特警告说，男孩子们正在被忽视，因为英国的教育体制太过重视女孩子。

本句中的being failed意为“被忽视”。

由此可见，英国的教育体制没能给男孩子足够的重视，故答案为C)。