冲刺四级高分：仔细阅读解题技巧（二）

仔细阅读的10大命题处

1. 转折对比处

转折句或转折关系常常是文章内容的强调之处，是作者表达观点或陈述事物的关键地方。

一般而言，转折后的内容是语义的重点，它往往是作者的真实意图所在，所以命题者常对转折处的内容进行提问。

考生应特别注意此处内容。转折一般通过however, but, yet, in fact等词或短语来引出。

强对比也是作者用来强调论证自己观点的一种方法，常由unlike, until, not so much…as等词或短语引出。

命题者常就被对比者的属性设题。

例(四级真题）
…likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems.

Q: It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” refers to ______.
A) the consequence of a broken marriage
B) the emotional problems arising from marriage
C) the responsibility of taking care of one’s family
D) the disadvantages of being married

文章第二段首先介绍了婚姻的好处，可以帮助弥补身体不健康所产生的不利影响。

第四句中使用了表示转折意义的连词however，因此推断下文将会谈论婚姻产生的不利影响。

所以此处的flip side是指“婚姻导致的弊端”，故答案为D）。

2. 举例处

作者在文章中经常引用具体的例子来使文章更有说服力，而这些例子很可能会成为考点，需加以注意。

文章中常用as, such as, for example, for instance, take…as an example等引出的短语或句子作为例证。

例 (四级真题）

But privacy does matter—at least sometimes. It’s like health; when you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.

Q: According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ______.
A) people will make every effort to keep it
B) its importance is rarely understood
C) it is something that can easily be lost
D) people don’t cherish it until they lose it

作者把隐私同健康进行比较，当人们拥有健康时，不曾注意到它，一旦失去才知其珍贵。

D）中的cherish it与原文中的wish you’d done more to protect it意思一致。

3. 数字年代处

数字年代在文章中常常会传达重要的信息，因此也经常成为考查的重点，

需要说明的是四级考试与其他考试不同，一般很少就数字本身的运算、辨认或推理设题，

而往往就数字引出的信息命题。因此，考生在看到数字时还要注意其前后所印证或引出的具体信息。

例(四级真题）

We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.

Q: Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of ______.
A) economic growth
B) wasteful use of energy
C) the widening gap between the rich and poor
D) the rapid advances of science and technology

文中提到截至2050年，随着经济增长，能源利用及温室气体排放会加倍增长，

A)中的“经济增长”与原文中的modest growth所指一致，符合题意。

4. 因果关系处

两个事件内在的因果关系常常成为出题人的命题点，一

般来讲，这种选择题有两种形式,给出原因推断结果，或给出结果推断原因。

例(四级真题）

In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”

Q: Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because ______.
A) she was known to be good at raising money
B) she could help strengthen its ties with Yale
C) she knew how to attract students overseas
D) she had boosted Yale’s academic status

剑桥大学公开强调Alison Richard在以前的工作中负责监督财务，“是耶鲁大学财政状况提升的主要力量”，

基于这个才能，剑桥大学聘请她担任常务副校长一职。A)she was known to be good at raising money表达的与此句相同，故为答案。

5. 主题句处

文章第一段的段首、段尾或最后一段的段尾处往往是整篇文章的主题所在；

每一段的段首或段尾句通常是该段的主题句，因此命题者常常围绕此处出题。

在四级考试中，文章或段落的主旨常以主题句的形式出现。

主题句的特点是：语义完整、形式简洁、观点明确。

在演绎类的文章中，语篇主题句一般位于篇章的开头部分；

在归纳类文章中，主题句多出现在段末或篇末；

不过主题句有时也出现在文章中间部分。

找到了主题句，就等于找到了此类题的答案。

例 (四级真题）
“The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what’s going on with their finances, but they don’t. There seems to be more of a taboo (禁忌) about talking about money than talking about death. But you both need to know what you’re doing, who’s paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship, you don’t have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it.”

Q: The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should ______.
A) discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship
B) put their money together instead of keeping it separately
C) make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets
D) avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic

文章最后一句提到，要想维持一段健康的婚姻关系，双方的金钱观不一定要一致，但一定要彼此沟通。A） “夫妻双方应该讨论钱的问题以维持健康的婚姻关系”是对原文的同义转述，故为答案。