2017年12月英语六级翻译真题解析试卷一：青海湖
原文：
青海湖位于海拔3205米，青海省省会西宁以西约100公里处。是中国最大的咸水湖，面积4317平方公里，最深处25.5米，有23条河注入湖中，其中大部分是季节性的。百分之八十的湖水源于五条主要河流。青海湖位于跨越亚洲的几条候鸟迁徙路线的交叉处。许多鸟类把青海湖作为迁徙过程中的暂息地，湖的西侧是著名的“鸟岛”，吸引着来自世界各地的观鸟者。每年夏天，游客们也来这里观看国际自行车比赛。
解析：
【第一句】青海湖位于海拔3205米，青海省省会西宁以西约100公里处。
整句话主语为青海湖，译为Qinghai Lake，而谓语的位于，是指青海湖位置，用be located in/situated in 来翻，但注意，位于并非指海拔高低，而是方位，故意群为位于…以西，译为is located/situated about 100 km west of…。海拔的名词为altitude，故海拔3205米，可作状语，译为at the altitude of 3,205 metres。但若童鞋不知单词altitude，也可以用sea level替换，译为3,205 metres above sea level。
故整句话可译为：
Qinghai Lake is 3,205 metres above sea level. It is about 100 km to the west of Xining, the capital of Qinghai Province.
高端版的译文为：
Qinghai Lake is situated about 100 kilometres west of Xining, the capital of Qinghai Province, at the altitude of 3,205 metres.
【第二句】是中国最大的咸水湖，面积4317平方公里，最深处25.5米，有23条河注入湖中，其中大部分是季节性的。
句子主语还是青海湖。前半句意群为湖水面积和深浅，而后半句为有河流注入湖中。故翻译时可拆分为两句话。第1句，谓语是…咸水湖，咸水湖译为salt lake或saline lake，面积…实则表示湖水的表面面积，可作状语置于句首，故译为with a surface area of 4,317 square kilometres，但这里也可简化，将它拆成一个新的句子，译为its size is 4317 km²。同理，后面最深处…也可拆开成一个新的句子，译为The deepest point of the lake is 25.5 metres或its maximum depth is 25.5 metres。第2句分析后，主语为23条河，而注入为谓语，也可理解为流入，可译为flow into，或更精确的empty into（河川注入），季节性为seasonal，而整句话的两个分句可用and或定语从句将其连接。
故整句话可译为：
It is the largest salt lake. Its size is 4317 km². The deepest point of the lake is 25.5 metres. 23 rivers flow into the lake, and most of the rivers are seasonal.
高端版的译文为：
With a surface area of 4,317 square kilometres, Qinghai Lake is the largest saline lake in China and its maximum depth is 25.5 metres. Twenty-three rivers and streams empty into Qinghai Lake, most of which are seasonal.
【第三句】百分之八十的湖水源于五条主要河流。
这句话的谓语为源于可表示湖水从何而来，故可用come from，但也可以倒过来，五条河流提供了百分之八十的湖水，也可用provide。湖水既可以说water in the lake，也可以用更精确的influx(n.汇集，流入)，表示这些湖水是从别的河流汇聚而成。
故整句话可译为：
80% of the water in the lake comes from 5 main rivers.
高端版的译文为：
Five major rivers provide 80% of total influx.
【第四句】青海湖位于跨越亚洲的几条候鸟迁徙路线的交叉处。
这句话的核心结构为青海湖位于…交叉处，划线部分为交叉处的修饰定语。交叉处可译为crossroads或crossing point，位于交叉处，be (located) at the crossroads，跨越亚洲的，可用介词短语across Asia作后置定语，候鸟迁徙为bird migration，路线可用path 或route。
故整句话可译为：
Qinghai Lake is at the crossing point of several bird migration paths across Asia.
高端版的译文为：
The lake is located at the crossroads of several bird migration routes across Asia.
【第五句】许多鸟类把青海湖作为迁徙过程中的暂息地，湖的西侧是著名的“鸟岛”，吸引着来自世界各地的观鸟者。
这句话可拆为两句话翻译：许多鸟类把青海湖作为迁徙过程中的暂息地，//湖的西侧是著名的“鸟岛”，吸引着来自世界各地的观鸟者。
第1句，主语许多鸟类，直译为species，但不知该词时也可用birds，谓语把…作为…暂息地，可译文use…as an intermediate(中间的) stop或take … as a place to rest，其中暂息地可理解为在迁徙过程中停下来或停下休息的地方。后半句中的迁徙过程中的用介词短语during the migration作后置定语。第2句有两个动作，西侧是…和吸引，但英语句子只有一个谓语，故可将吸引译为attracting现在分词作状语，观鸟者为birdwatchers，鸟岛为Bird Islands（青海湖的鸟岛分为东西两岛）。
故整句话可译为：
Many birds take Qinghai Lake as a place to rest during their migration. To the west of the lake, are the famous “Bird Islands”, attracting birdwatchers from all over the world.
高端版的译文为：
Many species use Qinghai Lake as an intermediate stop during migration. On the western side of the lake lie the renowned “Bird Islands”, attracting bird-watchers from different parts of the world.
【第六句】每年夏天，游客们也来这里观看国际自行车比赛。
该句为简单句，其中(青海湖)国际自行车比赛，官网译法自行车用的时cycling，若不知该单词，也可以用bicycle/bike替换，官方译法比赛为race，这里也可以用competition。
故整句话可译为：
Every summer, visitors also come here to watch the international bicycle racing competition.
高端版的译文为：
Every summer, visitors also come here to watch the international cycling race.
【过关版】
Qinghai Lake is 3205 meters above sea level. It is about 100 km to the west of Xining, the capital of Qinghai Province. It is the largest lake with salty water. Its size is 4317 km². The deepest point of the lake is 25.5 meters. 23 rivers flow into the lake. Most of the rivers are seasonal. 80% of the water of the lake comes from 5 main rivers. Qinghai Lake is at the crossing point of several bird migration paths. Many birds take Qinghai Lake as a place to rest when they are migrating. To the west of the lake, is the famous “Bird Island”, attracting birdwatchers from all over the world. Every summer, visitors also come here to watch international bicycle racing competitions.
【高分版】
Qinghai Lake is situated about about 100 kilometres west of the capital city of Qinghai province, Xining, at the altitude of 3,205 metres. With a surface area of 4,317 square kilometres, Qinghai Lake is the largest saline lake in China and its maximum depth is 25.5 meters. Twenty-three rivers and streams empty into Qinghai Lake, most of which are seasonal. Five permanent streams provide 80% of total influx. The lake is located at the crossroads of several bird migration routes across Asia. Many species use Qinghai Lake as an intermediate stop during migration. On the western side of the lake lies the renowned “Bird Islands”, which attract bird-watchers from different parts of the world. Every summer, tourists also come here to watch the international cycling race.
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