2007英语六级考试综合改错题训练(三)

二、介词的使用错误

 

介词使用错误是改错题常见的错误类型之一。介词的用法是英语学习中的的一大难点，英语中有相当数量的动词短语、介词短语和固定短语都含有介词。尽管介词本身数量并不多，但是其搭配方式之丰富多变往往使英语考生为之色变。能否准确地运用介词可直接反映出考生的英语基础是否扎实，因此一般考试都会包括这种类型的错误。介词主要涉及用法与搭配，是短文改错中出现频率最高，也是我们最易失分的一类题型，要在这类题型的辨错及改错上有所突破，我们必须注意平时介词用法知识的积累。

为获得高分，在改错练习中，务必注意从以下几个方面辨认：①介词与动词的搭配，如： accuse sb. of ， charge sb. from ， prohibit sb. from ， differ from ， contribute to 等； ② 介词与名词的搭配，如： count on ， influence on/upon ， improve on ， belief/believe in ， confidence in ， advantage on ， preference over ， attitude to/toward ， solution to 等； ③ 介词与形容词的搭配，如： different from ， indifferent to/toward ， dependent on/upon ， independent of ， on good/bad terms with ， on the contrary ， by chance ， by turns 等。

 

例 1

The first necessity of child upbringing is a

secure emotional background with parents who

are united in their attitude with children.                            1.__________

 

“ attitude toward ” 是表示 “ 对 …… 的态度 ” ，为固定用法，而没有 “ attitude with ” 的用法，因此应该将 with 改为 toward.

 

例 2

Unfortunately we have not found complete

solutions with the various problems of our                         1.__________

society, such like poverty, homelessness or                        2.__________

the growth of crime.

 

“ solution to problem ” 表示 “ 问题的解决办法 ” ，为固定搭配用法，因此应该将 with 改为介词 to ， “ such as ” 表示 “ 例如、诸如 ” 的意思，为固定搭配，因此应该将 like 改为 as 。

 

例 3

More and more people live in towns and cities

instead on farms and in villages.                                        1.__________

 

Instead 本身为副词，其后不可以直接接宾语，而应该在后面加上介词 of 。“ instead of ”表示“代替，不是……”的意思。

 

例 4

His Arab host, who had been watching, said

of nothing, but immediately copied the action of                  1.__________

his guest.

 

动词 say 本身即为及物动词，后面可以直接接上宾语，因此不需要在后面加上介词 of 。这属于介词滥用情形，应该将 nothing 之前的 of 删去。

 

通过上述几个例子可以看出，介词的用法灵活多变，且许多为固定的用法或者搭配形式。要想真正克服这个拦路虎，我们需要在平时的学习过程中加以记忆和理解，逐步积累，才可以更好的掌握其用法。

 

练习题

1 People realize that, although animals may not have

the same intelligence like human being, they are smart          1.__________

enough to learn certain things.

 

2 Marconi, the Italian inventor who gave us radio,

probably didn’t realize what effect his great invention

would have for the world in the yours to come.                    2.__________

 

3 Before you make travel in another country, find

out much as possible about its manners and customs.         3.__________

You will probably be surprised how different they

can be with your own.                                                       4.__________

 

4 We are told that the world’s population is increasing

with such a speed that the need for fresh water will be          5.__________

doubled by the end of the century.

 

5 Immediately before him was a very flat piece

of bread that looked to him, very much as napkin.                6.__________

 

6 It is encouraging to note that in recent years,

cigarette smokers have been in the decline, especially            7.__________

among the older people.

 

7 In 1980 black students comprised of about 10                   8.__________

percent of all college enrollments, up from 5 percent

in 1965.

 

8 The law I am referring requires that everyone who              9.__________

own a car have accident insurance.

 

9 But perhaps we should look at both sides of the

coin before arriving hasty conclusions.                                  10.__________

 

10 Big cities of the world are well-known by their                   11.__________

noises.

 

 

答案解析：

1.将like改为as。

2.将for改为on或者upon。和前面的名词effect搭配的介词为on或者upon，意为“对……的影响，对……的作用”。类似的词组还有impact on/upon（对……的影响或冲击），influence on/upon（对……有影响）等。

3.在much之前加上介词as。

4.将with改为from。

5.将with改为at。当表示速度的时候应该使用“at the speed of”或者“at…speed”，“with…speed”没有这个用法。

6.将as改为like。此处的“to him”仅为一个插入语，原句的顺序可以理解为“that looked very much like a napkin to him”。

7.将in改为on。“on the decline”表示“下降，减少”的意思，为固定搭配用法。

8.删去of。此处comprise虽然与consist，compose意义相同，但是使用方法却不一样。Comprise为及物动词，后面不需要接介词，consist后面要加介词of，而compose一般使用be composed of的形式。

9.在referring后面加上介词to。

10.在arriving后面加上at。

11.将by改为for。“be known for”表示“因为……而出名，以……闻名”之意。而“be known by”是指“被……知道”的意思。