2007英语六级考试综合改错题训练(六)

 四、非谓语动词使用错误

 

    非谓语动词在六级综合改错里算是一个较为令人头疼的改错类型，它包括不定式、分词、动名词。六级改错中主要出现的是非谓语动词和主要谓语动词之间的混淆，具体分为以下两种情况：

① 分词，主要是现在分词和过去分词的误用，如： a puzzled question → a puzzling question ； an exciting girl → an excited girl 等。

② 动词非谓语形式做主语、宾语，有时需要 it 作形式主语或形式宾语。如： This is no good arguing with him.(This → it )

例1

The idea that learn a foreign language is hard                                 1.__________

work is realized by every  student.

 

分析句子结构可知：the idea是主语；is realized是谓语部分；that引导同位语从句。从句中learn a foreign language是主语，而learn是动词形式，应改为动名词“learning”。

 

例2

From these unearthed bones scientists are able

to reconstruct the skeleton of the animal and from

the reconstructing skeleton, they can obtain quite                          1.__________

a good idea of its appearance.

 

“reconstructing”表示正在进行的动作，而根据原句可知，“skeleton”本身并不能发出这个动作，而应该为“reconstructed”，意为“the skeleton that is reconstructed”，这是过去分词作为定语。

 

例3

Lighthouses are set up to warn the passed ships                            1.__________

of the dangers along the coast. Ancient people used

simple fire signal which could only mean “Danger!

Keep off”.

 

“passed ships”表示“已经过去的船只”，当然不可能再给予警告，这不符合逻辑，应该改为passing，意为“过往的船只”，此处现在分词作定语。

 

例4

But modern lighthouse also identifies itself in a

code knowing to all ships that pass by. Most of the                         1.__________

modern lighthouses have a revolving light that is

red and then green.

 

根据句意可知，这些代码所有的船只都知道，即“a code which is known to all ships”的省略形式，“knowing”表示“正在知道，了解”这个动作过程，显然不符合题意，故应该将knowing改为known。

 

非谓语动词的使用错误虽然不外乎不定式、分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）以及动名词三种类型，然而使用起来往往容易混淆，而且也不易区分，所以得分率通常都较低。

 

练习题

1 Judging by today’s standards the techniques applied                    1.__________

to the construction of these ancient palaces are highly

advanced.

 

2 TV has become an essential part of our daily life,

keeping us informed of the news of the day. Comparing                   2.__________

with other media of information and education, TV is

almost unrivalled.

 

3 The characters being described in this TV play are                        3.__________

very true to life, which may be the reason why it

touched a nation of audience.

 

4 There are a great many places of interest in this                          

city. But the major attraction is a recently built

hotel which resembles a sailing ship when seeing                            4.__________
from a distance. No travelers leave the city without

visiting it.

 

5 The building built now at our school is the new                             5.__________

library.

 

6 A lighthouse must be high enough for its light

to see far away, but if it is too high, it has more                              6.__________

possibility to be destroyed by high wind; so it is

not always true to say that the higher it is the better.

 

7 Consider the great need for improving many                                7.__________

aspects of the global environment, one is surely

justified in his concern for the money and resources

that are poured into the space exploration efforts.

 

8 The small college, however, generally provides

a limited number of courses and specializations,

but offers a better student-faculty radio, thus permit                      8.__________

individualized attention to students.

 

9 The way space is used to enable the individual

to achieve privacy, to build homes or designing                               9.__________       

cities is culturally influenced.

 

10 But the fourth robber put him quite beside himself

by approaching him and asked what the dog                                  10.__________

cost him.

 

答案解析：

1.本题中应该将Judging改为Judged。该句主语为“the techniques”，其本身不能做出“judging”，而只能是“be judged”，原句的结构实际上是“when it is judged by today’s standards”的省略模式，所以应该将Judging改为Judged。注意首字母要大写。

2.本题中应该将comparing改为compared。“comparing”表示主语所发出的动作，与其他事物进行比较，而根据句意，是将TV与其他媒体进行，所以应该是被动语态，完整结构是“when it is compared with other media of…”。

 

3.本题中应该将being删去。“being+过去分词”表示正在进行的状态，而句子中没有指出是正在发生的动作，而是过去发生的事情（根据后面的动词touched可判断出是过去时），所以应该将being去掉。

4.本题中应该将seeing改为seen。原句的意思是“宾馆从远处看象一只航行中的船”，其完整结构是“…when it is seen from a distance”，船本身并不能发生“seeing”动作，只能是被动语态，故用seen。

5.本题中应该在building前加being。此句中有时间副词now，说明是正在进行的动作，故必须在前面加上现在分词being。

6.本题中应该将see改为be seen。根据句意，“灯塔必须足够高，以使其灯光可以从远处看见”，完整的结构是“…to be seen by ships far away”。

7.本题中应该将consider改为considering。在此句中，前部分“Consider the great need for improving many aspects of the global environment，”实为条件状语，完整结构为“If one consider… environment，”，其省略形式为将其谓语动词变为现在分词形式。

8.本题中应该将permit改为permitting。“thus”不是连词而是副词，表示前面事物所造成的结果，后面一般接现在分词，作状语成分。

9.本题中应该将designing改为design。此句中design承接前面不定式结构，省略介词to，实际上为“to build homes or to design cities”。

10.本题中应该将asked改为asking。此句中ask动作与approach并列，承接前面介词by，表示“通过……途径来实现”，故应该和前面保持一致，使用现在分词形式。