2019年6月英语六级模拟试题及参考答案（4)

写作：
　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Internet and Piracy. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
　　1)网络几乎已经渗透到人们生活和工作的方方面面，包括我们的一些个人隐私
　　2)网络会对个人隐私产生哪些影响
　　3)你认为应该如何保障我们在网络上的个人隐私
　　【思路点拨】
　　本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出一种现象，提纲第2点要求分析该现象带来的负面影响，提纲第3点要求说明应该如何防止该负面影响，由此可判断本文应为问题解决型作文。
　　根据所给提纲，本文应包含以下内容：描述如今网络在人们生活和工作的重要地位，引出网络对隐私的侵犯这一问题;分析网络对个人隐私产生的主要影响;说明应该如何保障网络上的个人隐私。
　　【参考范文】
　　Internet and Privacy
　　Internet has penetrated into all the aspects of our life and work. We can study and work by it; we can find a job by it; we can communicate by it; we can entertain by it; we can buy and sell by it. We can do almost everything on the Internet, and almost anywhere anytime.
　　However, at the same time Internet provides services for us, it is inevitably invading our privacy to some degree. The services on most websites require our registering. If we want to enjoy these services, we have to provide much private information, including our names, gender, address, telephone number and sometimes bank account. Due to the poor Internet administration and weak network security, our information might be open, stolen or sold. Even sometimes the information will be misused by the criminals.
　　Considering the above-mentioned, we must enhance the alertness when using the Internet. First, when we need Internet service, we should always log on those big legal websites. Second, if the service requires important private information, you should think twice before you type in it.

　　阅读理解
　　Work is a very important part of life in the United States. When the early Protestant immigrants came to this country, they brought the idea that work was the way to God and heaven. This attitude, the Protestant work ethic, still influences America today. Work is not only important for economic benefits, the salary, but also for social and psychological needs, the feeling of doing something for the good of the society. Americans spend most of their lives working, being productive. For most Americans, their work defines them; they are what they do. What happens, then when a person can no longer work?
　　Most Americans stop working at age sixty-five or seventy and retire. Because work is such an important part of life in this culture, retirement can be very difficult. Retirees often feel that they are useless and uNPRoductive. Of course, some people are happy to retire; but leaving one’s job, whatever it is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. Many retirees do not know how to use their time or they feel lost without jobs.
　　Retirement can also bring financial problems. Many people rely on Social Security checks every month. During their working years, employees contribute a certain percentage of their salaries to the government. When people retire, they receive this money as income. These checks do not provide enough money to live on, however, because prices are increasing very rapidly. Senior citizens, those over sixty-five, have to have savings in the bank or other retirement plans to make ends meet. The rate of inflation is forcing prices higher each year; Social Security checks alone cannot cover Medicare (health care) and welfare (general assistance) but many senior citizens have to change their lifestyles after retirement. They have to spend carefully to be sure that they can afford to but food, fuel, and other necessities.
　　Of course, many senior citizens are happy with retirement. They have time to spend with their families or to enjoy their hobbies. Some continue to work part time; others do volunteer work. Some, like those in the Retired Business Executives Association, even help young people to get started in new business. Many retired citizens also belong to “Golden Age” groups. These organizations plan trips and social events. There are many opportunities for retirees.
　　Americans society is only beginning to be concerned about the special physical and emotional needs of its senior citizens. The government is taking steps to ease the problem of limited income. They are building new housing, offering discounts in stores and museums and on buses, and providing other services, such as free courses, food service, and help with housework.
　　Retired citizens are a rapidly growing percentage of the population. This part of the population is very important and we must respond to their needs. After all, every citizen will be a senior citizen some day.
　　1.The early immigrants considered work ___.
　　A.too hard B.important
　　C.pleasant D.dull
　　2.Why do Americans like working? Because working ___.
　　A.doesn’t only mean money but it is also psychological
　　B.can make life more comfortable
　　C.can prove people to be independent
　　D.gives people funny
　　3.We can safely put forward that retirees who ___.
　　A.have no financial problems still want to earn more money
　　B.have financial problems still feel lost
　　C.have no financial problems still feel lost
　　D.have no financial problems feels it’s hard to make ends meet
　　4.According to the passage the government ___.
　　A.hadn’t paid attention to the retirees’ problems
　　B.has already solved a lot of retirees’ problems
　　C.has just begun to pay attention to the retirees’ problems
　　D.won’t pay attention to the retirees’ problems
　　5.Which of the following is not steps taken for the benefit of senior citizens by the government?
　　A.New housing has been built.
　　B.The old are offered discounts in stores.
　　C.Senior citizens are provided free courses, food service.
　　D.None.
　　答案：BACCD

　　The establishment of the Third Reich influence events in American history by starting a chain of event, which culminated in war between Germany and the United states. The complete destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jew, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and especially, the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war. While speaking out against Hitler’s atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality. The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo(禁运)in wars between nations at his discretion.
　　American opinion began to change somewhat after president Roosevelt’s “quarantine the aggressor” speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitler’s policies. Germany’s seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people. The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August 1939 came the shock of Nazi-Soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland, the outbreak of European war. The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted “cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national defense program was begun. A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military service. A Lend Lease Act (1941) authorized the President to sell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August 1941, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter that proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war. In December 1941, Japan launched the uNPRovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the United States.

　　1.One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was ___.
　　A.Nazi barbarism
　　B.The pacts with Italy
　　C.German plans for conquest
　　D.The burning of the Reichstag
　　2.The Neutrality Act of 1939 ___.
　　A.restated America’s isolationist policies
　　B.proclaimed American neutrality
　　C.permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations
　　D.was a cause of our entrance into World War Ⅱ
　　3.An event that did not occur in 1939 was the ___.
　　A.invasion of Poland
　　B.invasion of Czechoslovakia
　　C.passing of the Neutrality Act
　　D.establishment of the University of Leipzig in Germany
　　4.The Lend Lease Act was blueprinted to ___.
　　A.strengthen our national defense
　　B.provide battleships to the Allies
　　C.help the British
　　D.promote the Atlantic Charter
　　5.The Neutrality Act of 1939 favored Great Britain because ___.
　　A.the British had command of the sea
　　B.the law permitted us to trade only with the Allies
　　C.it antagonized Japan
　　D.it led to the Lend Lease Act
　　答案：DCDAA

　　Computers have been taught to play not only checkers, but also championship chess, which is a fairly accurate yardstick for measuring the computer’s progress in the ability to learn from experience.
　　Because the game requires logical reasoning, chess would seem to be perfectly suited to the computer .all a programmer has to do is give the computer a program evaluating the consequences of every possible response to every possible move, and the computer will win every time. In theory this is a sensible approach; in practice it is impossible. Today, a powerful computer can analyze 40 000 moves a second. That is an impressive speed. But there are an astronomical number of possible moves in chess—literally trillions. Even if such a program were written (and in theory it could be ,given enough people and enough time), there is no computer capable of holding that much data.
　　Therefore, if the computer is to compete at championship levels, it must be programmed to function with less than complete data. It must be able to learn from experience, to modify its own programm, to deal with a relatively unstructured situation—in a word, to “think” for itself . In fact, this can be done. Chess-playing computers have yet to defeat world champion chess players, but several have beaten human players of only slightly lower ranks. The computers have had programs to carry them through the early, mechanical stages of their chess games. But they have gone on from there to reason and learn, and sometimes to win the game.
　　There are other proofs that computers can be programmed to learn, but this example is sufficient to demonstrate the point. Granted , winning a game of chess is not an earthshaking event even when a computer does it . But there are many serious human problems which ban be fruitfully approached as games. The Defense Department uses computers to play war games and work out strategies for dealing with international tensions. Other problems—international and interpersonal relations , ecology and economics , and the ever-increasing threat of world famine—can perhaps be solved by the joint efforts of human beings and truly intelligent computers .
　　1 The purpose of creating chess-playing computers is __________
　　A to win the world chess champion B to pave the way for further intelligent computers
　　C to work out strategies for international wars D to find an accurate yardstick for measuring computer progress
　　2 Today , a chess-playing computer can be programmed to ________
　　A give trillions of reponses in a second to each possible move and win the game
　　B function with complete data and beat the best players
　　C learn from chess-playing in the early stage and go on to win the game
　　D evaluate every possible move but may fail to give the right response each time
　　3 For a computer to “think” , it is necessary to ________
　　A mange to process as much data as possible in a second B program it so that it can learn from its experiences
　　C prepare it for chess-playing first D enable it to deal with unstructured situations
　　4 The author’s attitude towards the Defense Department is____
　　A critical B unconcerned C positive D negative
　　5 In the author’s opinion,______
　　A winning a chess game is an unimportant event B serious human problems shouldn’t be regarded as playing a game
　　C ecological problems are more urgent to be solved D there is hope for more intelligent computers
　　答案B C B C D

　　Women’s Positions in the 17th Century
　　Social circumstances in Early Modern England mostly served to repress women’s voices. Patriarchal culture and institutions constructed them as chaste, silent, obedient, and subordinate. At the beginning of the 17th century, the ideology of patriarchy, political absolutism, and gender hierarchy were reaffirmed powerfully by King James in The Trew Law of Free Monarchie and the Basilikon Doron; by that ideology the absolute power of God the supreme patriarch was seen to be imaged in the absolute monarch of the state and in the husband and father of a family. Accordingly, a woman’s subjection, first to her father and then to her husband, imaged the subjection of English people to their monarch, and of all Christians to God. Also, the period saw an outpouring of repressive or overtly misogynist sermons, tracts, and plays, detailing women’s physical and mental defects, spiritual evils, rebelliousness, shrewish ness, and natural inferiority to men.
　　Yet some social and cultural conditions served to empower women. During the Elizabethan era (1558—1603) the culture was dominated by a powerful Queen, who provided an impressive female example though she left scant cultural space for other women. Elizabethan women writers began to produce original texts but were occupied chiefly with translation. In the 17th century, however, various circumstances enabled women to write original texts in some numbers. For one thing, some counterweight to patriarchy was provided by female communities—mothers and daughters, extended kinship networks, close female friends, the separate court of Queen Anne (King James’ consort) and her often oppositional masques and political activities. For another, most of these women had a reasonably good education (modern languages, history, literature, religion, music, occasionally Latin) and some apparently found in romances and histories more expansive terms for imagining women’s lives. Also, representation of vigorous and rebellious female characters in literature and especially on the stage no doubt helped to undermine any monolithic social construct of women’s mature and role.
　　Most important, perhaps, was the radical potential inherent in the Protestant insistence on every Christian’s immediate relationship with God and primary responsibility to follow his or her individual conscience. There is plenty of support in St Paul’s epistles and elsewhere in the Bible for patriarchy and a wife’s subjection to her husband, but some texts (notably Galatians 3:28) inscribe a very different politics, promoting women’s spiritual equality: “There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Jesus Christ.” Such texts encouraged some women to claim the support of God the supreme patriarch against the various earthly patriarchs who claimed to stand toward them in his stead.
　　There is also the gap or slippage between ideology and common experience. English women throughout the 17th century exercised a good deal of accrual power: as managers of estates in their husbands’ absences at court or on military and diplomatic missions; as members of guilds; as wives and mothers who apex during the English Civil War and Interregnum (1640-60) as the execution of the King and the attendant disruption of social hierarchies led many women to seize new roles—as preachers, as prophetesses, as deputies for exiled royalist husbands, as writers of religious and political tracts.
　　1. What is the best title for this passage?
　　[A]. Women’s Position in the 17th Century.　　[B]. Women’s Subjection to Patriarchy.
　　[C]. Social Circumstances in the 17th Century.　　[D]. Women’s objection in the 17th Century.
　　2. What did the Queen Elizabeth do for the women in culture?
　　[A]. She set an impressive female example to follow.　　[B]. She dominated the culture.
　　[C]. She did little.　　[D]. She allowed women to translate something.
　　3. Which of the following is Not mention as a reason to enable women to original texts?
　　[A].Female communities provided some counterweight to patriarchy.　　[B]. Queen Anne’s political activities.
　　[C]. Most women had a good education.　　[D]. Queen Elizabeth’s political activities.
　　4. What did the religion so for the women?
　　[A]. It did nothing.　　[B]. It too asked women to be obedient except some texts.
　　[C]. It supported women.　　[D]. It appealed to the God.
　　答案ACDB

　　翻译
　　大规模消费时代
　　随着中国经济迅速发展到新的高度，中国目前已经进入了大规模消费时代，中国民众的购买力随着中国市场经济的发展而迅速增长。因此，那些追求物质生活的人们只要有购买力，就不可避免地会购买奢侈品。一项报告显示，中国的奢侈品消费总额占全球市场份额的四分之一，且位居世界第二，仅次于日本。然而，从消费观念方面来讲，很多中国的消费者还处在“炫耀性消费”的阶段，这是一种不健康的状态。奢侈品不应该是炫耀的手段，或者是与权力、财富和社会关系相关的标志。
　　【翻译词汇】
　　大规模消费时代 an era of mass consumption 追求物质生活 pursue material life
　　购买力 purchasing power 因此 therefore
　　奢侈品 luxury 占 account for
　　市场份额 market share 从…来讲 in regard to
　　炫耀性消费 conspicuous consumption 炫耀 show off
　　与…相关 be associated with 社会关系 social tie
　　【精彩译文】
　　As China has achieved new heights in its economy and recently entered an era of mass consumption, the purchasing power of Chinese people is rising along with the development of market economy. Therefore, it is inevitable that people who pursue material life buy luxuries as long as they can afford. According to a report, the total consumption of luxuries in China accounted for a quarter of the global market share and ranked second in the world after Japan. However, in regard to consumption concept, a large number of Chinese consumers are still in the stage of “conspicuous consumption”, which is unhealthy. Luxuries should not be the tools of showing off or signs associated with power, wealth and social ties.