虚拟语气“新”归纳

　　虚拟语气是英语中一种重要的语气形式，也是英语语法中一个重要的语法点。

　　由于虚拟语气所涉及的内容比较广，一些语法书对其的阐述也很繁杂，所以同学们在学习过程中很难掌握其用法，在使用过程中或考试时也很容易出错。为了便于大家理解和记忆，笔者对虚拟语气作了一个“新”归纳，供大家参考。

　　虚拟语气的使用主要体现在三个方面：虚拟条件句、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用，以及虚拟语气的一些特殊用法。

　　虚拟条件句

　　虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表：

　　

　　例句：

　　1.表示与现在事实相反

　　If I had enough money now ， I would lend it to you.

　　If I were you ， I would go to tell him the real feeling upon him.

　　2.表示与过去事实相反

　　If he had taken your advice ， he wouldn‘t have made such a bad mistake.

　　She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn‘t been very busy.

　　3.表示与将来事实相反

　　I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.

　　If he were to be given another chance to do it again， he could certainly achieve more.

　　1.虚拟条件句的倒装

　　在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：

　　Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.

　　Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？

　　2.错综时间条件句

　　有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来决定。例如：

　　If we hadn‘t been working hard in the past few years ， things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.

　　If the Party hadn ‘t led the Chinese people to liberate the country，Chinese people would still live a life in pain and poverty.

　　3.含蓄条件句

　　有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with， otherwise， without， but for， in that position ）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：

　　But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to college.

　　I would never mind you making such loud noises， but， you see， my baby is in a deep sleep.

　　It was so quiet ； you could have heard a pin drop.