2012年12月英语四级六级语法冲刺：宾语从句

学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。

1. 大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句；

2. 1）从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连

2）从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换

3）从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what, when, where, which, who, how等的疑问代、副词作引导词

例1：

He told me (that) he would go to college the next year.

他告诉我他明年上大学。

例2：

I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.

我不知道是否还会有公交车。

3. 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。

4. 宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。

主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。

真题示例：

Some psychologists claim that people__________ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独).

1. 本题考查宾语从句，需用陈述语序

2. 主句为一般现在时，从句根据具体情况定，此处用一般现在时即可表达清楚

3. 感到孤独：feel lonely ；出门在外：far away from home或travelling等可以。

答案：might feel lonely when they are far(away) from home 或might feel lonely when they are traveling (they are not in their hometown)

实战演练：

1. I wonder __________ he is crying now.

A. that           B. why           C. how           D. when

2. Could you tell me how much __________ to fly to Hainan?

A. do it cost    B. does it cost C. it cost        D. it costs

3. That is the day __________I'll never forget.

A. which    B. on which  C. in which     D. when

4. The poor young man is ready to accept __________ help he can get. 
A. whichever  B. however  C. whatever           D. whenever

5. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning ___________ his teammates had done. 
A. what         B. which　　 C. why          D. while

6. Please tell me __________.

A. what does he like      B. what he does like

C. what he likes            D. what he like

7. My sister told him _________.

A. what day was it         B. when the train arrived

C. who she was waiting  D. where did you live

8. Could you show me ___________？

A. how can I get to the station      B. where is the station

C. how I could get to the station   D. how I can reach the station

9. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ___________. 
A. it what to do with                          B. what to do it with  

C. what to do with it                          D. to do what with it

10. Can you lend me the book ___________the other day?

A. about which you talked        B. which you talked

C. about that you talked           D. that you talked

翻译演练：

1. He explains ______________（限制不再适合于他）because he’s over eighteen.

2. To our surprise, the report said ______________（设计失误导致了悲剧）.

3. Little did I know ______________（多少经验能够使我受益）.

答案及解析：

1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9.C 10. A

翻译答案：

1. the restriction no longer applies to him

2. design faults lead to the tragedy

3. how much experience would benefit me

【解析】

1. 宾语从句。关系副词why充当wonder的宾语，that不能充当任何成分，其他关系副词不符合句意。句意为：我想知道他现在为什么在哭。

2. 宾语从句中使用陈述语句，主句是一般现在时，从句也用一般现在时。

3. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。

4. 本题考查的引导词引导宾语从句，同时作get的宾语。B、D两项在句中是作状语的；由于没有给出明确的指代物，故A项也不合适；答案为C。

5. 由句式结构可知mention后为宾语从句；do作实意动词时为及物动词，故空格处需要既能作do的宾语，又能引导宾语从句的连词，答案为A。
6. 陈述语句中，从句用陈述语序。

7. 宾语从句中，从句用陈述语序，排除A、D;C选项中，who不能充当tell sb sth中的sth这一直接宾语的成分。

8. 宾语从句中，从句用陈述语序，从句和主句的时态需保持一致。因此，选D。

9. “疑问词+不定式”作及物动词know的宾语，选项中it代替了the land，故正确答案为C。

10. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。

翻译：

1. 所译部分为explain的宾语从句，需要完整的句子，并且主干为一般现在时，从句中也应该为一般现在时。“适用于”apply to。apply for“申请”。

2. 宾语从句：所译部分作整个句子的宾语从句，应该是一个完整的句子，并且主干为过去时，从句中的谓语动词也应该用过去时；“导致”lead to：lead to sth. “导致某事”；“设计失误”design fault。

3. 带疑问词的宾语从句。所译部分作宾语从句，需要一个完整的句子，并且此句含有疑问代词how much；“使受益”benefit。