英语阅读基本功—长难句过关（七）

第一章 并列平行结构
英语句子最常用的方法是通过使用一些关联词，如 and、or等，或标点符号如：分号，逗号，破折号等，若干个在语义上有联系或相互照应的单词、词组或子句连在一起组成一种并列或平行结构的长句，以表达一个复杂得多层次含义。这种句式虽然难度不一定很高，但在复杂长句中还是占了相当大的比例的.
从今天开始我们就由浅入深，来对这一类型的句子进行练习和攻克。希望大家通过练习能掌握分析这类句式的一般规律和方法。

Exercise

The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of “defensive medicine”, and thus it injures, in turn , the entire medical profession.

Rugby is generally a much tougher game than football and for a long time has had upper class associations, as until recently it was generally only played in public schools, not in state schools.

Western manners do not require one to say anything that is untrue, but it is best to avoid being too frank about things which would make people feel uneasy—unless by doing so you feel some good might come of it.

要点分析和参考译文

要点：本句是有分号及连词and 引导的并列复合句。分句一种包含有关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰doctors。分句二中代词it指”the suspicion of deceit”，动词短语contributes to意为“to help in causing a situation”，分句三中，代词it指前文所述情况，介词短语in turn意为“afterwards”
参考译文：由于病人怀疑存在欺骗行为，使许多对病人十分诚实的医生的工作也因此受到影响，并使医疗诉讼案和“防御性诊治”增多，而这些反过来又对整个医疗事业造成损害。

要点：全句为主从复合句，”as”引出原因状语从句，修饰” and for a long time (rugby) has had upper class associations”。主句部分Rugby is generally……class associations，是带有并列谓语”is……”和”has had……”的句子。
参考译文：橄榄球赛一般比足球赛更加激烈，并且长时间以来一直是高年级学生参与的比赛，也因此直到最近比赛一般仍然仅仅在公立学校而不在州立学校举行。

要点：全句为并列复合句。连词”but”连接两个并列句。在第二个分句中” it is best to avoid being too frank……” 中的”it”是形式主语，实际主语是不定式” to avoid being too frank……”。动词”avoid”后面应接动名词作宾语。” which would make people feel uneasy”作”thing”的定语。在破折号后面” unless by doing so you feel some good might come of it”作让步状语从句。”good”是名词，作”feel”的宾语从句”some good might come of it”中的主语。”it”指”by doing so”所包含的前面提到的为避免重复而未具体说出的内容。
参考译文：西方的行为方式并不要求人们去讲假话，但是最好要避免过于直率地谈论那些使人尴尬的事情——除非你认为这么做可能会有益处。