英语六级考试高分得主经验谈：阅读理解(2)

　　正确处理阅读中出现的生词，提高阅读速度

　　个别生词不会影响我们对全文的理解，而且大纲中也允许有3%左右的生词。对有些与答题无关的生词一般可以忽略过去。如果有个别生词影响了对全篇的理解和做题，就需要去猜测词义。在考试中当然是无法求助于字典的，一般可以有两种方法：第一是根据构词法判断词义。这种方法需要认识大量的词根，否则一切猜测都无从谈起;第二种是根据与上下文的关系推测其词义，生词不是孤立的、封闭的，它所出现于其中的句子、段落都会提供很多的暗示和线索，其中最常见的上下文暗示或线索有以下五种：

　　1.同义词或复述线索。在同一句子中使用另外一个词，该词与生词具有基本相同的意义;或者，使用几个词来复述生词的意义。例如：

　　下面黑体字与画框的字意义相同：

　　A.The woman found herself in a difficult situation.In fact her plight was so serious that she decided to get help.

　　B.Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they.see on television.

　　2.比较/对照线索，一个句子可能包含有这样一个词，它与生词具有相反的意义。作者有时使用on the other hand，however，although，unlike，yet和but等转折语，提醒读者注。意他要使用一个与生词具有相反意义地词语。

　　下面黑体字与画框的字意义相反：

　　A.Some people like to walk quickly home after work，but I prefer to stroll home and look at the store windows along the way.

　　B. Although the doctor usually performed the operation perfectly.the nurse knew he had slipped when she saw the patient's blood pressure suddenly rise.

　　3.例释线索。作者有时给出一些例子，指示或解释生词的含义。

　　请阅读下列句子，并通过每一句中的例子判断黑体字的意义。

　　A.There was a kind of detachment about the old man's behavior.It appeared as if he didn't care what you were saying to him.as if what you were saying were of no interest to him.

　　B.In a battle situation he always appeared calm and relaxed.It was this calm demeanor that earned him the respect and admiration of the other soldiers.

　　4.直接解释的线索。作者有时担心自己所使用的词不易为读者理解，于是就直接解释该词的意义。阅读下列句子，找出黑体字的解释语：

　　A.The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid;that is，it could not be tasted，seen，or smelled.

　　B.From the shelf above him。the old man took down a phiaI，a small glass bottle used to keep liquids，and he placed it on the table in front of him.

　　5.经验线索或情景线索。有些生词可以根据它们所出现于其中的情景去理解;也可以结合读者自己的经验去理解。

　　阅读下列句子，运用每一个句子所描述的情景去推断黑体字的含义：

　　A.Alan found himself on the first floor of an old，seemingly abandoned building，as he walked up to the second floor he could hear the old wooden stairs creak with each step he took.

　　B.It was the first time Nancy had been in a big city.She felt a little apprehensive as she walked out onto the street.with so many strange faces staring at her.