2014年6月英语六级听力小故事之英美大学分类

各位刚考完六级的小伙伴们，还记得听力里有一篇关于中学择校的听力题吗？其实不止中学，和考友们关系最密切的大学在国外也有不同的类型。关心出国深造的朋友们不可不了解哦。

美国

In the United States, the term "college" refers to either one of the three types of education institutions.
在美国，“学院”一词可能有以下三种含义。

One reference is stand-alone higher level education institutions that are not components of a university, including community colleges and liberal arts colleges.
一种是独立的高等教育机构，包括社区学院和文理学院。

Another one is components within a university, mostly the undergraduate institution of a university, such as Harvard College.
另一种是指大学的一部分，通常是本科部分。例如哈佛大学的本科就叫哈佛学院。

Universities are research-oriented educational institutions which provide both undergraduate and graduate programs. However, for historical reasons, some universities (such as Boston College and The College of William & Mary) have retained the term "college" as their name.
大学是指提供本科和研究生课程的研究型教育机构。但是，因为历史原因，有些实际上是大学的学校仍叫做“学院”，例如波士顿学院和威廉与玛丽学院。

英国

Most UK universities fall into one of six categories。
绝大多数的英国大学可以分为以下6类。

1. Ancient universities - the seven universities founded before 1800, including Oxford and Cambridge.
1. 古典大学——包括牛津剑桥在内的七所1800年以前创建的大学。

2. London, Durham and their former constituent college at Newcastle, and the colleges of the former University of Wales - chartered in the 19th century.
2. 伦敦大学、杜兰大学、纽卡斯尔大学（曾经是杜兰大学的组成学院）以及威尔士大学的所有独立分校。这些学校成立于19世纪。

3. Red Brick universities - large civic universities chartered at the beginning of the 20th century before World War II.
3. 红砖大学——20世纪早期，二战前建立的大型市立大学。

4. Plate Glass universities - refers to any of the several universities founded in the United Kingdom in the 1960s in the era of the Robbins Report on higher education. They often contains wide expanses of plate glass in steel or concrete frames. This contrasted with the (largely Victorian) red brick universities and the older ancient universities.
4. 平板玻璃大学是指上世纪60年代关于高等教育的《罗宾斯报告》发表后创立的大学。它们的校舍通常在混凝土结构中大量使用平板玻璃，和以维多利亚风格为主的红砖大学以及更古老的古典大学形成对比。

5. The Open University - The UK's 'open to all' distance learning university (est. 1968).
5. 英国公开大学是向所有人开放的远程教育大学。该校创立于1968年。

6. New Universities - Post-1992 universities formed from Polytechnics or Colleges of Higher Education.
6. 新大学指1992年后由理工学院或高等教育学院升级的大学。