2011年12月英语四级六级冲刺：如何应对作文词汇量不足

四六级考试大纲中明确规定字数不足应酌情扣分（见下表）。作文达到规定的字数是最基本的，因为字数能很直观的看出来，是得分的一个硬性规定。但很多考生往往在这一点上丢分，只因单词量不足，难以达到规定的字数。在这一点上丢分比较可惜，那如何应对这种情况呢？

1. 使用笼统词

英语语言中笼统词有have, take, go, turn, make, think 等，笼统词的重要特点在于意义广泛，搭配性强，构成词组后可以替代众多具体动词。虽然不能精确表达一个动作，却能大致表达意思。在一些具体动词写不出来的时候，用这些笼统词取代，也能收到异曲同工的效果。例如：那旧沙发该扔掉了。

The old sofa will have to discard.= The old sofa will have to go.

这一句中，如果想不起来discard,就用go代替，即The old sofa will have to go. Go的使用让句子更为生动了，discard意为“扔掉，废弃”，而go的本意是表明人的来去，用到此处the old sofa也有了生命，生动了起来。四六级作文中，在词汇量不足或是单词不会写的时候，适当使用这些词汇，可以让句子表达完整。下面我们一起学习一下这些词汇。

have: I experienced a terrible day. = He had a bad day.

take: I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.

make: What time do you calculate it? = What time do you make it?

think：I suppose you like your job. = I think you like your job.

具体词汇固然能准确表达句子意思，有加分的可能，但是因这类词不常用，很多考生不容易想起。在这种情况下，不妨用一些笼统词汇来代替，句子虽平实，但不失为一种应急良策。

2. 巧用近义词或反义词

写汉语作文时，我们都遇到过这样的情景，某个词忘记了如何写。当这种情况出现的时候，你会怎么办？找其他词替换不失为一种选择。而我们所能想到的词，基本分为两类，一是近义词，一是反义词。这种方法同样适用于英语作文的写作。

I had a nightmare last night. = I had a bad dream last night.

Nightmare 使用频率不太高，因此不太好记。而其同义词bad dream 却很容易记。以后者取代前者丝毫不影响原句的意义。

I can’t endure. = I can’t stand.

He witnessed the accident. = He saw the accident.

I have attempted to earn my living,:mechanic, carpenter, writer. = I have tried to earn my living,:mechanic, carpenter, writer.

Accutally, I have forgot who he was.= In fact, I have forgot who he was.

The crucial point is whether we should go ahead with the project. = The important point is whether we should go ahead with the project.

"It was an enormous culture shock, " She says. = “It was a big culture shock. “ She says.

They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five.

英语语言中词与词之间是有联系的，词与词之间语义的“共核”现象即所谓的同义词。丰富的同义词给我们提供了极大的方便。

同样，用其反义词来取代某一遗忘了的词也是可行的，请看下面的例子：

He is stubborn. = He is not tame.

The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp.

This is expensive. = This is not cheap.

She is talkative. = She is never quiet.

3. 使用解释性语句

语言的表达方式不局限于一种，而是多种多样的。当一个词影响到沟通，可以用解释性的语句来表达。如：

I don‘t capture the meaning of his words. = I don’t know what he said.

Caputre对某些考生来说可能存在难度，这时我们不妨用一种通俗简单的方式表达，即用后一句话来表达前一句话的意思。这种情况可以广泛用到英语的表达中。下面的例句可以给考生提供一些思路：

He refused. = He said “no”.

Surfing the Internet has become a prevailing phenomenon. = Suring the Internet has become a phenomenon that can be seen everywhere.

People’s view varies from pereson to person.= Different people have different ideas.

在有限的时间内写出一篇从文章构思到遣词造句都很好的文章是很困难的。在这种情况下，考生要有清晰的做题思路。四六级作文的评分标准一般侧重于能清楚地表达意义，段落，层次有系统性，语法正确，而并不过分强调用词的精确度。因此，考生没必要花太多时间和精力斟酌词句，而是致力于文章的清晰明确的表达上，即用简单的词句表达出清晰的文章内容。

英语四级作文预测: http://www.hxen.net/englishwriting/yingyusijizuowen/

英语六级作文预测: http://www.hxen.net/englishwriting/CET6/