晨读英语美文60篇(含lrc字幕) The Dry Lands
2009-05-30来源:和谐英语
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[00:04.41]In most people’s minds the term desert conjures up
[00:07.71]an image of undulating sand dunes beneath the hot sun.
[00:11.42]There are, however,
[00:13.29]many other kinds of desert.
[00:15.46]Antarctica, Greenland and the polar ice packs are cold deserts
[00:20.05]where the water is locked up in ice.
[00:22.47]As for the Earth’s arid regions,
[00:25.02]they exist both in areas such as Arabia where the climate is permanently hot,
[00:30.61]and in others such as the steppes of central Asia
[00:34.68]where the winters are cold.
[00:36.22]The common denominator between them
[00:38.72]is that on average more water evaporates than falls as rain.
[00:43.21]Where there is practically no rain,
[00:45.73]as in the Sahara and the Gobi,
[00:48.90]there is virtually no life.
[00:49.99]Regions in which enough water falls to allow grazing
[00:53.71]and perhaps some dry farming are described as semi-arid.
[00:58.35]There are many of these in Africa,
[01:01.30] India, Argentina and Australia.
[01:04.15]Arid and semi-arid regions make up more than a third of the world’s land surface,
[01:11.36]whereas cultivated land accounts only for one-tenth.
[01:15.31]They are concentrated in two zones straddling the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn,
[01:21.42]on each side of the Equator.
[01:23.95]The main cause of aridity is to be found in the circulation of the atmosphere
[01:30.41]above our revolving globe.
[01:32.36]The almost permanent ridges of high pressure
[01:35.88]that predominate around the 30olatitude mark stop rain from forming.
[01:41.74]Great distance from the oceans or the presence of mountain barriers are other factors
[01:47.09]that contribute to the aridity of regions like central
[01:50.58]Asia or the American Midwest.
[01:53.22]So deserts have not been created by humankind,
[01:57.26]as is something claimed, though people do contribute to decertification.
[02:02.73]In our time increased population pressure and over-intensive agriculture
[02:07.87]and grazing are accelerating soil degradation
[02:11.80]and worsening the effects of drought in semi-arid regions
[02:15.95]such as the African Sahel and northeastern Brazil.
[02:20.00]There is another way in which human activity
[02:23.19]may affect the evolution of arid regions.
[02:26.24]It is thought that the accumulation
[02:28.77]in the atmosphere of carbon dioxide from automobile engines,
[02:32.37]heating or industry and other gases of industrial
[02:36.18]and agricultural origin can lead to global warming through the ‘greenhouse effect’.
[02:41.65]It is not yet possible to predict the consequences
[02:46.14]of such global warming for different regions,
[02:48.34]but it may well be that in a few decades some arid regions
[02:52.93]will be direr still while others will be less so.
[02:56.87]In that case, people will have brought about a significant climatic change,
[03:02.11]comparable to those that have taken place in the course of geological history.
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