北欧为什么不为富人青睐

丹麦、挪威、瑞典和芬兰总是在富裕程度调查中名列前茅，这些国家的城市在生活质量调查中位居前列，居民也更加长寿。
DENMARK, NORWAY, SWEDEN and Finland invariably top prosperity surveys, their cities lead quality of life surveys and their citizens live long lives.

在全球财富和康乐评级列格坦繁荣指数最近的调查中，这四个国家和瑞士一起占据了前5位。其中芬兰名列榜首。
Legatum Prosperity Index, a global ranking of wealth and wellbeing, placed all four countries, along with Switzerland, in the top five spots of its recent survey. Finland was first.

北欧国家的首都在生活质量调查中位居前列：据有关生活方式的杂志《Monocle》的一项调查，最近，丹麦首都哥本哈根、瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩和芬兰首都赫尔辛基进入世界10大宜居城市行列。斯堪的纳维亚地区的居民寿命也更长，平均寿命为79岁。
The region's capitals feature high up on quality of life surveys: Recently Copenhagen, Stockholm and Helsinki ranked in the top 10 most livable cities in the world, according to a survey by lifestyle magazine Monocle. Scandinavia's citizens also live long lives, with average life expectancy of 79.

所有这些还不足以成为移居北欧的绝好理由吗？
Doesn't this all add up to a good reason to move there?

对很多人来说当然是很好的理由，不过对欧洲大部分流动富人来说并非如此。尽管细节还较粗略，移民数据并没有显示富人正移居这四个国家中的任何一个。瑞典说，寻求居住权的自雇人员（富人最有可能归属的类别）数量自2005年以来严重下滑，去年降到不足500人。
Well, for many yes, but not for most of Europe's mobile wealthy. Although details are sketchy, migration figures give few indications the wealthy are moving to any of the four countries. Sweden said the number of those seeking residency who are self-employed -- the most likely category the wealthy fit into -- has fallen sharply since 2005 to less than 500 last year.
　　
过去几年来，从欧洲其他国家移民丹麦、芬兰和挪威的人数大幅增加，不过其中大部分来自欧盟新成员国，比如波兰、立陶宛和罗马尼亚。鲜有证据显示欧洲其他国家的富人愿意居住在斯堪的纳维亚地区。
Migration to Denmark, Finland and Norway has risen sharply from Europe in the last couple of years, but most of this is coming from the new European Union countries, like Poland, Lithuania and Romania. There is little evidence that the footloose wealthy from other parts of Europe want to live in Scandinavia.

这四个国家都对拥有大量净资产的个人征收重税，这可能是流动富人不愿移居这一地区的一个显而易见的原因。在《福布斯》(Forbes)年度税收痛苦指数中，瑞典排在第四，芬兰排第九。该指数衡量课税对资本和人才是起到了吸引还是排斥的作用。
Onerous tax burdens for high net worth individuals in all four countries might be the obvious answer to why the mobile wealthy don't want to relocate to the region. Forbes's annual tax misery index, which evaluates whether taxes attract or repel capital and talent, placed Sweden fourth on the index and Finland ninth.

不过挪威和丹麦在该指数上排名较靠后，分别排在第20和26位。有趣的是，丹麦被视为比瑞士的赋税还要少；而瑞士的税制通常被视为欧洲对富人最“仁慈”的。
But Norway and Denmark are way down the list, at 20th and 26th place respectively. Amazingly, Denmark is deemed to have a less onerous tax regime than Switzerland -- often regarded as Europe's most preferential tax regime for the rich.

那么，重税或许只能部分解释富人为何不愿意移居北欧。住在任何一个国家无疑都有着复杂的理由，如果你是富人的话，就更加复杂了。不过，可以肯定的是，在富裕指数和生活质量上获得高分对富人来说并没有太大的吸引力。
So high taxes might only partly explain why the wealthy aren't relocating to the region. Inevitably, the reasons to live in any country are more complicated -- even more complicated if you're wealthy. But what is for sure is that scoring high on indexes of prosperity and quality of life doesn't carry much store with the rich.

看起来很明显的是，问题在于生活质量指数。他们应该给专享饭店、酒店和俱乐部更高的权重，还有获得高档奢侈品和服务的方便与否，以及享受重要文化活动的便利性。或许最重要的的是，他们应该考虑已经生活在这些国家的超级富人的数量，原因是富人往往爱扎堆。
It seems clear that the problem is with the quality of life indexes. They should give extra weightings to exclusive restaurants, hotels and clubs, as well as access to top of the range luxury products and services and proximity of important cultural events. Perhaps most importantly, they should take into account the number or ultra-wealthy already living in the country as the rich tend to flock together.

这些指数可以忽视对大部分人来说很重要的因素，比如良好的全民医疗、公共交通的质量，原因是超级富人很少使用这类服务。
These indexes could ignore things that are important to most people -- like good universal health care and quality of public transport links -- given how little the very wealthy use these services.