80后生不生第二胎?

王维嘉和丈夫几乎可以说是听着“控制人口数量，关爱地球母亲”的宣传长大的。
Wang Weijia and her husband grew up surrounded by posters proclaiming "Mother Earth is too tired to sustain more children."
　　
他们将这个口号铭记在心，以至于今夏上海政府改变政策、鼓励年轻人生二胎时，他们迅速且坚定地表示：绝不！据悉，上海政府推出此举是受到了城市低出生率和人口老龄化问题双方面影响。
They learned the lesson so well that when Shanghai government officials, alarmed by their city's low birthrate and aging population, changed course this summer and began encouraging young couples to have more than one child, their reaction was instant and firm: No way.
　　
“我们已经将全部时间和精力放在了独生子上，没精力再要第二个孩子了，”31岁的某公司人力资源主管王维嘉说。他们的儿子现在8个月大。
We have already given all our time and energy for just one child. We have none left for a second, said the 31-year-old Wang, a human resources administrator with an 8-month-old son.
　　
一直以来，人们都认为计划生育政策会缓解就业市场的压力，同时保护自然资源。但是，它也导致了危险的低出生率和极大的老龄化人口数量。有专家表示，政府不大可能改变计划生育这一国策，因此，官员们正试图寻找其他方法来解决这一政策所产生的问题。
The family planning policy has been credited with easing job market pressures and preserving natural resources. Yet it has also led to a dangerously low birth-rate and an unusually large aging population. While experts say the government is unlikely to change the national policy, officials are looking into ways that they can address the policy's downside.
　　
中国的计划生育政策制定于20世纪70年代。该政策鼓励晚婚晚育，限制城市夫妇只要一个孩子，农村夫妇可以要两个孩子。新华社援引官方数据称，国家的出生率从1978年的1.8％降至2007年的1.2％，累计减少人口数量4亿人。
China's family planning policy was formulated in the early 1970s. It encourages late marriages and late childbearing, and it limits most urban couples to one child and most rural couples to two children. Official figures show that the country's birth rate dropped from 1.8 percent in 1978 to around 1.2 percent in 2007, resulting in 400 million fewer births cumulatively, according to the Xinhua news agency.
　　
与此同时，联合国人口署预计，截至2020年，60岁以上（包括60岁）的中国居民数量将占人口总量的16.％，到2050年这个比例将达到31.1％。
At the same time, the number of Chinese residents 60 and older is predicted to explode from 16.7 percent of the population in 2020 to 31.1 percent by 2050, according to the UN Population Division. That is far above the global average of about 20 percent.
　　
在发达的沿海城市，例如上海，受教育人口数量相对较高，这种不平衡现象则更为显著。《中国日报》去年报道说，60岁以上（包括60岁）人口数量占上海注册居民总量的22％，而上海的出生率还不到每对夫妻一个孩子。
The imbalance is worse in wealthy coastal cities with highly educated populations, such as Shanghai. Last year, according to China Daily, people 60 and older accounted for almost 22 percent of Shanghai's registered residents, while the birthrate was less than one child per couple.
　　
人口学专家、国家人口计生委专家委员田雪原最近在《人民日报》发表署名文章，建议允许夫妇双方为独生子女者生育两个孩子。
Tian Xueyuan, a population specialist and member of the National Population and Family Planning Commission (NPFPC), addressed these concerns in the People's Daily recently. Tian proposed that couples who are the only children in their families should be allowed to have two children.
　　
同时，一些地方政府已经开始采取措施改善所管辖地区的现状，国家人口计生委委员史春静表示，以上海为例，允许夫妻双方都是独生子女的家庭生二胎。
Meanwhile, some local governments are already taking steps to improve the situation in their regions, according to Shi Chunjing, an official of NPFPC. Shanghai, for instance, is giving certain urban residents (if both husband and wife are the only children) permission to have two children.
　　
年轻人拒生二胎
Young people say no
　　
北京大学社会人口学教授李建新表示，现在的年轻人，尤其是城市长大的年轻人，不大可能不考虑这一决定所要面临的经济挑战而冒然决定要二胎。
Li Jianxin, a professor of social demography at Peking University, says that the younger generation, especially those living in cities, are unlikely to have more children without first considering the economic challenges that decision might bring.
　　
“80后一代人的生活方式和观点与50后、60后有着明显的不同，”李教授说，“多数人不想要那么多孩子，孩子的健康更重要。”
The lifestyle and viewpoints of the post-80s generation are totally different from the 50s and 60s generations, Li said. "Many Chinese want to give birth to fewer but healthier children."
　　
25岁的上海摄影师原田只有1个1岁大的女儿。考虑到抚养1个孩子的成本以及生孩子对自己事业发展所造成的挑战，她觉得1个孩子就足够了。
Yuan Tian, a 25-year-old photographer in Shanghai, has a 1-year-old daughter. And one, she says, is enough – due both to the cost of raising a child and to the challenges a child poses to developing a career.
　　
“生孩子对我的事业影响很大，”她说，“重新回到岗位后，我要花几个月的时间才能赶上同事的步伐。而且也不能把全部精力都集中在工作上，我不得不早点离开办公室去照顾女儿。”
Giving birth really affected my career, she said. "When I returned to work, it took me several months to catch up with my colleagues again. And I can't focus on my work, since I need to leave the office early to take care of my daughter."