如何保持快乐的心态工作

Like many workers, Ivelisse Rivera, a physician at Community Health Center, Middletown, Conn., feels stressed-out by mounting workloads. And she didn't expect to get much help during her employer's annual staff meeting last November -- just the usual speeches on medical issues.

像很多上班族一样，康涅狄格州Middletown市社区卫生中心的医生里韦拉被越来越多的工作压得喘不过气来。在去年11月单位召开的年度员工大会上，她也没有指望能得到多大的帮助，以为这次会议就是些关于医疗问题的老生常谈。

Instead, she got a big dose of something new: Happiness coaching. Keynote speaker Shawn Achor -- a former Harvard University researcher and former co-teacher of one of the university's most popular courses, Positive Psychology -- extolled 90 listening employees to shake off dark moods at work by practicing such happiness-inducing techniques as meditation or expressing gratitude.

但她获得了某种新颍的“药剂”：快乐指导。主旨发言人是曾在哈佛大学做过研究员、并与人一起讲授该校热门课程“积极心理学”的阿克尔。他实施了冥想和表达感谢等快乐引导术，来激励90位听课的员工摆脱工作中的灰暗情绪。　

To her surprise, Dr. Rivera says, she drove home filled with thoughts about cheering up; 'if I assume a negative attitude and complain all the time, whoever is working with me is going to feel the same way.'

里韦拉说，开车回家的路上，她满脑子都是怎样振作起来的想法，这让她很意外。她说，如果我心态消极，一直不停地抱怨，谁与我一起工作都会有同样的感觉。

Happiness coaching is seeping into the workplace. A growing number of employers, including UBS, American Express, KPMG and the law firm Goodwin Procter, have hired trainers who draw on psychological research, ancient religious traditions or both to inspire workers to take a more positive attitude -- or at least a neutral one. Happiness-at-work coaching is the theme of a crop of new business books and a growing number of MBA-school courses.

快乐指导课程正在进入各种工作环境。越来越多的雇主都聘请了培训师，利用心理学研究成果、古代宗教传统或两者的融合，激励员工拥有一种更加积极的心态，或至少是一种不消极的心态。这些雇主包括瑞银，美国运通，毕马威，以及律师事务所Goodwin Procter。针对上班族的快乐指导是一大批商业类新书的主题，也是越来越多MBA课程的主题。

Critics say that pushing positive thinking is just a way for companies to improve morale while they continue to burden employees with the threat of layoffs and an ever-increasing workload. Barbara Ehrenreich's recent book, 'Bright-sided,' blames 'positive thinking' for enabling people to avoid confronting a wide range of serious problems in the economy and workplace.

批评者说，公司推行积极思维，不过是为了让员工在继续承担失业威胁和不断加大的工作量之际，还能有更高的士气。埃伦瑞奇的新书《面向光明》指责说，“积极思维”让人们得以逃避面对经济和工作中的一系列重大问题。