美国对华为的担忧究竟从何而来?

Concerns about the potential for a national security threat posed by the Chinese networking concern Huawei have been simmering at a low intensity for some time. They burst out into the full glare of publicity today with the release of a report by the House Intelligence Committee saying that Huawei and another Chinese telecom-equipment concern, ZTE, pose sufficient security risks that government agencies should avoid buying their equipment.
关于中国电信网络提供商华为技术有限公司(Huawei Technologies Co.)可能对美国国家安全构成威胁的担忧已经不温不火地持续了一段时间。如今，由于美国众议院情报委员会发布的一份报告，此类担忧急剧升温并成为公众关注的焦点。这份报告称，华为和另一家中国电信设备公司中兴通讯股份有限公司(ZTE Corp., 简称:中兴通讯)对美国国家安全构成了风险，为此政府机构应该避免购买这两家公司的设备。

There aren't a lot of specifics to get excited about in the 52-page report, though there are presumably some items of interest in classified portions of the report not released to the public. Huawei has had a difficult time showing to the satisfaction of Western sensibilities that its ties to China's People's Liberation Army are severed. If ordered, the thinking goes, Huawei gear could be turned into a valuable espionage tool in the event of war with the U.S. or another country.
这份长达52页的报告中并没有提供很多值得兴奋的具体信息，不过，报告中未向公众发布的保密部分可能会有一些让人饶有兴趣的东西。华为表明自己与中国人民解放军的关系已经断绝的努力一直难以让西方人满意。美国国会认为，如果订购华为的设备，在中国与美国或其他国家交战的时候，这些设备可能成为重要的间谍工具。

The concerns on the part of U.S. lawmakers and the national security establishment are certainly valid, but not for the reasons you think. While Chinese actors have certainly been among the most active when it comes to attacking the networks of large U.S. corporations and stealing their secrets, the U.S. and its allies fret about letting Huawei in because they know from their own experience how imported electronics can be turned into a weapon of espionage and outright sabotage.
美国议员的担忧和有关国家安全的说法毫无疑问是成立的，但原因并非你所想的那样。尽管在攻击美国大型公司的网络和窃取这些公司的机密方面，中国参与者毫无疑问属于最活跃的一群，美国及其盟友不愿让华为进入美国是因为他们自己的经验告诉他们，进口的电子设备可以成为进行间谍和破坏活动的武器。

Remember that it was intelligence agencies of the U.S., in partnership with Israel, that turned deep knowledge of the numerous variants of Microsoft's Windows operating system combined with specialized knowledge of industrial control systems to create the Stuxnet worm that damaged the Iranian nuclear research program. Later discoveries included other U.S.-Israeli cyber weapons called Flame and Gauss. Taken together, they amount to evidence that the countries had mounted a less-than-covert military campaign against Iran that could in time have significant unintended consequences.
人们应该记得，正是美国的情报机构与以色列合作，凭借对微软Windows操作系统各种版本的深入了解以及对工业控制系统的专业知识，才创造了蠕虫病毒震网(Stuxnet)，并利用这种病毒破坏了伊朗的核研究项目。人们后来还发现了美国和以色列制造的其他网络武器，如Flame和Gauss。所有这些证据表明，这两个国家已经发动了针对伊朗的不那么隐秘的军事行动，这些行动最终可能引发始料未及的后果。

Prior efforts include a largely forgotten 1982 campaign of electronic sabotage against the natural gas pipeline being built by the Soviet Union that caused so large an explosion that U.S. military forces briefly thought it was an early sign of a nuclear attack. The episode was documented in the book 'At the Abyss: An Insider's History of the Cold War' by Thomas Reed, the late former secretary of the Air Force under President Reagan.
人们很可能已经忘了1982年发生的针对苏联天然气管道进行的电子设备破坏行动，这次行动引发了大规模的爆炸，以至于美国军队一时以为这是核袭击的早期信号。这个情节被记录在了《在深渊：一名知情者讲述的冷战史》(At the Abyss: An Insider’s History of the Cold War)一书中，作者是已故的里根时代前空军部长里德(Thomas Reed)。

Another incident, this one not as well documented but the subject of a great deal of informed speculation, concerns a 2007 Israeli air strike against what was at the time a suspected nuclear weapons research facility in Syria. A report by the IEEE Spectrum the following year traced reports that a French chip company that supplied the manufacturer of Syrian radar defense gear included a 'kill switch' that allowed Israeli bombers to carry out their attack undetected.
另一起事件则没有被很好地记录下来，不过这件事也引发了诸多消息灵通人士的猜测。2007年以色列空军袭击了当时被怀疑是核武器研究机构的叙利亚的一处设施。第二年，《IEEE波谱杂志》(IEEE Spectrum)的一篇报道追踪到的消息显示，一家法国芯片公司提供给叙利亚的雷达防御设备中包含一个“切断开关”(kill switch)，使叙利亚无法监测到以色列轰炸机正在执行的袭击活动。

So it's not from out of nowhere that such national security concerns arise about a Chinese telecom concern.
因此，担心中国的一家电信公司可能威胁国家安全并非空穴来风。